Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition & Diet Therapy > ENTERAL And PARENTERAL > Flashcards

ENTERAL And PARENTERAL Flashcards

1
Q

1.). Through the gastrointestinal

2.) Through intravenous methods

A

1.) Enteral
2.) Parentera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Also known as tube feeding, is a way of delivering nutrition directly to your GI tract or small intestine usually from a tube, catheter or stoma

A

ENTERAL NUTRITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ENTERAL NUTRITION:

1.) Enteral access provides means for ____ or ____ term delivery

2.) Enteral Nutrition is an option to provide _______ or ______ nutrition

3.) Enteral nutrition should be the first option vs ______________ nutrition

A

1.) Short, Long

2.) Supplemental, Total

3.) Parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

USES OF A FEEDING TUBE

A

1.) Provide Nutrition
2.) Providing Fluids
3.) Providing Medications
4.) Decompressing the Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ENTERAL Advantages:

A

~Lower Cost
~ Convient
~ Less infectious complications
~ Improves maintenance of the gastro intestinal mucosal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of tubes for enteral feeding

A

~ Nasogastric Tube
~ Nasoenteric or Nasointestinal tube
~ Gastrostomy tube
~ Jejunostomy Tube (J-tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Starts in the nose and ends in the stomach

Used for feeding clients who have adequate gastric emptying and who require shorter term feedings

A

Nasogastric (NGT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Starts in the nose and ends in the nose and ends in the intestines

Indication:
Used in patients at risk for aspiration, reflux and gastric emptying delay

A

Nasoenteric Tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1.) Has the tube inserted from the nose with the tip resting in the duodenum

2.) Has feeding tube inserted from the nose with the tip resting in the jejunum

A

1.) Nasoduodenal
2.) Nasojejunal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1.) Starts in the mouth and ends in the stomach

2.) Starts in the mouth and ends in the intestines

A

1.) Orogastric Tube
2.) Oroenteric Tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inserted though a surgical opening in the neck and passed through the esophagus with the tip resting in the stomach

Used for patients with head and neck cancer

A

Esophagostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Placed through the skin of the abdomen straight to the stomach

Used when a patient cannot or will not eat for longer than 4 weeks and has a functional gut

A

Gastrostomy Tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Places through the skin of the abdomen straight into the jejunum intestines

Jejunum tubes are useful for patients with contraindications to gastrostomy

A

Jejunostomy Tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the most common complication of tube feeding usually caused by protein-energy malnutrition, medications, motility, infection, impaction, infusion rate, osmolality and bacterial contamination of
formula.

A

Gastrointestinal Complications

~Diarrhea
~ Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal bloating
~ Dumping Syndrome and Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aspiration of formula is the most dangerous complication of enteral feeding and is among the leading causes of death in tube-fed patients due to aspiration pneumonia

A

Respiratory Complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A. Electrolyte imbalances are common complications
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Refeeding syndrome

A

Metabolic Complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Involves drugs that interact with food or electrolytes , or when multiple drugs in liquid form are given concomitantly with enteral feeds.

A

Drug-Enteral Feeding Complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ENTERAL FORMULAS:

1.) Also called “standard” or “polymeric” formulas and contains unaltered molecules of protein, carbohydrates and fat

2.) predigested micronutrients. They are either elemental or semi-elemental formulas

3.) Individually packaged components that may be combined to meet the nutritional requirement of the patients

4.) formulas that have been altered in one or more nutrients in order to optimize nutrition support without exacerbating the metabolic disturbances associated with various diseases.

A

1.) Intact Formulas
2.) Hydrolyzed Formulas
3.) Modular Formulas
4.) Nutrient Modified and Disease specific formulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FEEDING:

1.) The most commonly use; often
referred to as a “kangaroo
pump

-indicated for patients
who are unable to tolerate
high- volume feedings, are
suffering from malabsorption
or patients at increased
risk of aspiration

  • should be kept cold
A

Continuous method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Continuous method:

solution is infused at a constant
rate controlled by a ____

administered over at least 30 min; continuous rate over a ___________hour pd

A

1.) Pump
2.) 16-24 Hour Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

continuous drip method over a period of 8-20 hours per
day using a pump to control delivery

usually given at night; allowing independence from feeding equipment during the day

may be used when feeding into the
stomach or small intestine

A

Cyclic Feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Usually Requires a higher infusion rate which requires closer monitoring for formula and delivery tolerance

Usually well tolerated and effective for malnourished patients especially for the ambulatory elderly population

A

Cyclic Feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

allow for more mobility than continuous drip feedings because there are breaks in the feedings, allowing
the patient to be free from the tube feeding apparatus or activities such as physical therapy.

closely mimics usual eating pattern and
involves shorter period of infusion at
specified intervals – usually four to six
times a day

A

Bolus Feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

uses a similar technique to that of bolus
feeding, but it is used over a
longer duration, which may help
improve tolerance

This delivery method cannot be
used when feeding into small
bowel

A

Intermittent Delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • use an open-top container or syringe
  • provided in flip-top cans powdered
    formula or blenderized formula
  • discard left-over after 8-12 hrs or 24 hrs
  • container should be rinse before
    another formula is poured
A

Open System

26
Q
  • consists of pre-filled container
    that is spiked with enteral
    tubing & attached to enteral
    access device
  • prefilled containers should
    hang safely for 48 hrs using
    sterile technique
A

Closed System

27
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS IN ENTERAL FEEDING:

A
  1. Check for allergies.
  2. Assess tolerance to previous feeding
  3. Check expiration date
  4. Check the temperature.
  5. Do not hang longer than the
    manufacturer’s recommended time
28
Q

OF/Blenderized Food – follow the natural distribution of a regular or modified diet (e.g. 60%, 15%, 25%)

  • consists of fruits, vegetables, rice, milk, sugar, meat,
A

Natural Food

29
Q

OF/Blenderized Food:

In meats use…

A

Chicken Breast (Boiled)
Vienna Sausage (Boiled twice)

30
Q

OF/Blenderized Food:

1.) Frequency?
2.) Dilution?
3.) Total Volume?

A

1.) Every 4 hours (or every 6 hours which is less common)

2.) Basic Dilution is 1:1, 1kcal=1ml of Water
2:1 in patient with edema

3.) Maximum of 2300ml a day or 100ml per hour

31
Q

given not more than 2 days For diarrhea patients:
- no fats
- use tea (for cleansing)
- rice, apple, banana (low fiber

A

BRAT Diet

32
Q

Clogged Tube Prevention/Management:

A
  1. Flush tube with 50-150cc of water before & after administration
  2. Avoid juice, carbonate, sugary beverages
  3. Finely pulverized tablet medications.
33
Q

also referred to as “total parenteral
nutrition”(TPN), and “central venous
nutrition” (CVN) or intravenous hyperalimentation
(IVH)

A

PARENTERAL NUTRITION

34
Q

Provided when the gastrointestinal tract is nonfunctional because of an interruption in it’s continuity or because it’s absorptive capacities is impaired

Administered IV

A

PARENTERAL NUTRITION

35
Q

Basic Components of TPN solutions

A

Protein Hydrolysates
Free amino acid mixtures
Monosaccharides
Electrolytes

36
Q

1.) congenital cut on the upper lip

2.) Incomplete closure of the lateral halves of the palate or roof of the mouth

A

1.) Cleft Lip
2.) Cleft Palate

Diet Therapy:
-use of medicine dropper or soft nipple with large hole during milk feeding

37
Q

Chronic infectious disease characterized by a progressive destruction of tooth substance

A

Dental Caries

Diet Therapy:
~ Avoid cariogenic foods; encourage cariostatic foods
~ Avoid sipping carbonated beverages

38
Q

Inflammatory Disorder of the supporting structure of the teeth that can result in tooth detachment and loss

A

Periodontal Disease

Diet Therapy:
~Balance diet
~ Vitamin D, C, A
~ Modified consistency
~High detergent foods

39
Q

Neuromuscular disorder characterized by esophageal motility where the LES fails to relax normally after swallowing

A

Achalasia

Diet Therapy:
Liquid diet with supplements
Bland, non acidic, non irritating foods

40
Q
  • help in digestion & absorption
  • enhance the immune system & regulate hormone balance
A

PROBIOTICS

41
Q

Acute or chromic inflammation of the esophageal wall

A

Esophagitis

SS:
Substernal pain during swallowing
Heartburn

42
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucus membrane of the stomach resulting in tissue damage and erosion caused by H. Pylori and or acid provoking

A

Gastritis

DT:
Supportive
Rest stomach for 24 hours
Clear liquids to soft diet depending on tolerance

43
Q

Partially digested foods backs up into esophagus

Also known as acid indigestion, Heartburn, reflux esophagitis

A

GERD and Hiatal Hernia

44
Q

An ulcer caused by H. pylori infection, excessive alcohol intake, high consumption of smoked, cured foods and large intake of nitrosamines/nitrate in foods

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUP)

DT:
Gastrectomy
Small frequent meal
High protein, low faw, low carb

45
Q

Caused by deficiency of lactase undigested lactose remains in the guts and acts osmotically to draw water into the intestines

Primary - Congenital
Secondary - From other disease conditions

A

Lactose Intolerance

46
Q

~ Inadequate diet, irregular meals insufficient liquids and dietary fiber, failure to establish regular time for shitting

~ With excessive or incoordinated sigmoidal mobility and loss of rectal sensibility

~ Hinders the passage of stool maybe complete or partial

A

Atonic Constipation

Spastic Constipation

Obstructive Constipation

47
Q

Multisystem disorder with impact on any organ system

A

Celiac Disease

48
Q

Also called regional enteritis

Inflammation or irritation involving mainly the terminal ileum accompanied by crack like ulcers or granulomas

A

Crohn’s Disease

49
Q

Inflammatory disease of large intestine confined to rectum and colon

Inflammation is hemorrhagic with excess mucus that contains pus

A

Ulcerative Colitis

50
Q

Presence of diverticula in colon called “___________ due to defect in muscle layers of sigmoid colon causing a lumen to marrow and intraluminal pressure is increase

May be the result of low fiber diet
May lead to diverticulitis

A

Diverticulosis

51
Q

inflammation of the small pockets (diverticula) in the colon wall& lining due to chronic constipation

A

Diverticulitis

52
Q

disturbance in the interaction between the gut, the brain, & autonomic nervous system that alters regulation of bowel motility or sensory function

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

53
Q

50% of small bowel can be resected without serious consequences

“short bowel syndrome’

A

Intestinal Surgery

54
Q
  • can affect appetite & willingness to comply with therapy
A

Jaundice - “icterus”

55
Q

inflammation of liver with necrosis of liver cells; elevation of ALT & AST

A

Hepatitis

56
Q

most serious & irreversible type of liver injury

A

Cirrhosis

57
Q

“Hepatic Encephalopathy”

Serious complication of advanced liver disease

Have elevated blood ammonia levels

Exhibits cerebral function deficits from minimal to coma

A

Hepatic Coma

57
Q

1.) excessive copper storage in liver,spleen,& kidney; impaired bile excretion, &progressive destruction of small bile ducts

2.) Preceded by Hepatitis

3.) Linked with alcoholism

A

1.) Biliary Cirrhosis
2.) Post necrotic
3.) Laennec’s

58
Q

2nd Leading site of cancer in filipino men

Caused by viral Hepa B and C

A

Liver Cancer

59
Q

1.) inflammation, edema & necrosis of pancreas as a result of autodigestion of the organ tissues by enzyme sit normally produces, principally trypsin

2.) – an acute inflammatory disease in which autodigestion occurs from obstruction of the pancreatic duct

3.) Permanent damage to pancreas occurs

Increases enzymatic process causing N/V along with abd distention and severe pain

A

1.) Pancreatitis
2.) Acute Pancreatitis
3.) Chronic Pancreatitis

Nutrition & Diet Therapy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions