Cardiovascular

Question 1

A group of disorders involving the heart and blood vessels

~ It is the leading cause of death worldwide

INCLUDES:
Artherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Disease
Myocardial Infraction
Cerebrovascular accident

Answer 1

Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 2

In 90 to 95 percent of cases the cause is unknown

~A primary risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases

~ A primary cause of stroke and kidney failure

Forces the heart to work harder to eject blood into the arteries

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Hypertension Risk factors

Answer 3

1.) Aging
2.) Genetic Factors
3.) Obesity
4.) Salt sensitivity
5.) Alcohol
6.) Dietary Factors
(Increased Na intake of 15 mEq or 3.5g a day can cause HPN)

Question 4

TREATMENT of Hypertension

Answer 4

~ Weight Reduction
(Systolic blood pressure can be reduced by about 1 mmHg for each kilogram of weight loss)

~ Dietary approaches for BP reduction)

~ Drug Therapies
(Diuretics, Calcium channel blockers)

Question 5

How to reduce sodium intake:

Answer 5

~ Select fresh, unprocessed foods
~ Do not use salt at the table or while cooking
~ Avoid eating in fast food restaurants
~ Check food labels
~Recognize the high sodium foods

Question 6

Diet Therapy for hypertension:
SODIUM

1.) Reduction in Na intake to ___mg
2.) If diuretics are used, a diet of ____grams of Na is sufficient

Answer 6

1.)500
2.) 2-4

Question 7

Diet Therapy for hypertension:
FAT, Calories, Potassium, calcium and magnesium

1.) Saturated fats in cooking must be reduced by substituting with _____

2.) Use of food high in ____ fatty acids are encouraged several times a week

Answer 7

1.) Unsaturated oils
2.) Omega -3

Question 8

Diet Therapy for hypertension:
FLUID

1.) Alcoholic beverages less than __grams a day or 2 mixed drinks may be allowed

Answer 8

1.) 30

Question 9

To be low labeled low sodium, a food product must contain less than ___miligrams of sodium per serving

Answer 9

140

Question 10

Education of the patient:

1.) Acknowledge that she has _____

2.) Consider diet as ____ or ______ method

3.) Make each dietary change and participate in _____ ______ in making each dietary change

Answer 10

1.) High blood pressure
2.) Sole or Adjunctive
3.) Assessing Success

Question 11

The artery walls become pregressively thickened due to fatty deposits, fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle cells , collectively known as plaque

Answer 11

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Question 12

Causes of atherosclerosis

Answer 12

Shear Stress / Hypertension
(Stress of blood flow along artery walls)

Abnormal Blood lipids
(Elevated VLDL)

Cigarette smoking
(Nicotine)

Diabetes Mellitus
(Chronic Hyperglycemia)

Age and gender
(Men and women older then 45 and 55 years and menopause)