ENTERAL Flashcards
Provision of liquid diets by mouth or by tube into the GIT
Enteral nutrition
Goal of enteral nutrition
To provide nutritional support for persons unable or unwilling to ingest or tolerate conventional foods
Indications of enteral nutrition
-Px who are physically or psychologically unable to take food by mouth in amounts sufficient to meet requirements
-Px who are able to consume some, but not enough food to meet requirements
-Px with full / partial GIT function
-Medical conditions that makes oral intake compromise or contraindicated for >5-7 days
Medical conditions indications of EN
Hypermetabolism - major surgery, sepsis, trauma, burns, organ transplant, HIV/AIDS
Neurological Diseases - stroke, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, head injury, demyelinating diseases
GI Diseases - esophageal obstruction, inflammatory bowel syndrome, pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, gastrectomy
Cancer - chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery
Psychiatric Diseases - anorexia nervosa, severe depression
Organ System Failure - respiratory, renal, cardiac or hepatic
Learning Disabilities - cerebral palsy, rett syndrome
Relative contraindications of EN
-Non-functional GIT
-GIT function cannot be fully assessed
-Px whose nutritional needs cannot be met with oral diets or enteral tube feeding (terminal illness, short bowel syndrome/obstruction, GI bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, GI fistulas, ischemia, ileus, inflammation, pancreatitis)
Indications of intact or polymeric formula
For px who are unable to digest & absorb nutrients w/o difficulty
Another term for intact or polymeric formula
meal replacement formula
types of intact or polymeric formula
-standard polymeric formula (lactose-free; low-osmolality)
-high-nitrogen polymeric formula (lactose-free; low to moderate osmolality; for px with CHON reqts)
-Fiber-containing formula (with fiber from natural food sources or from added soy polysaccharide; lactose-free; low-osmolality)
-blenderized formula (with lactose; very high viscosity; moderate osmolality; composed of a mixture of ordinary foods with oils + micronutrients as needed)
Indication of hydrolyzed formula
for px who are unable to digest certain nutrients or who have smaller than normal area for absorbing nutrients
Another term for hydrolyzed formula
pre-digested / monomeric / elemental
Characteristics of hydrolyzed formula
-hyperosmolar
-lactose-free
low fat & may contain BCAAs
-with unpleasant taste
-more expensive than intact formula
Indications of modular formula
for px who have specific metabolic or fluid imbalances that preclude the administration of a standard formula
Characteristics of modular formula
-made up of a single pre-digested nutrient (ex. CHO, CHON, Fat)
-may be added to another formula
-do not contain micronutrients & electrolytes
-may require micronutrient & electrolyte supplementation
Indications of specialty formula
for px who require different proportions or types of CHON, AA, Fat, CHO & electrolytes (ex. liver, renal, pulmonary diseases; diabetes)
Characteristics of specialty formula
-some are unpalatable
-most are very expensive
-may be produces from modular formulas
Description of nasogastric
-nose to stomach
-easy tube insertion
