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Entamoeba Flashcards

1
Q

Entamoeba spp. where only the trophozoite is found.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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2
Q

T/F: All intestinal amoeba are non-pathogenic except for E. histolytica

A

True

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3
Q

T/F: All free-living amoeba are opportunistic pathogen

A

True

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4
Q

T/F: E. histolytica is morphologically distinct from three other intestinal amoeba (E. dispar, E. bangladeshi, E. moshkovskii)

A

False. E. histolytica is indistinguishable.

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5
Q

Which of the pathogens listed here causes non-invasive diarrhea:
A. E. bangladeshi
B. E. dispar
C. E. moshkovskii

A

C. E. moshkovskii

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6
Q

Who discovered E. histolytica?

A

Losch in 1875

St. Petersburg, Russia

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7
Q

Most patients seen with E. histolytica have?

A

With dysentery

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8
Q

T/F: Majority of E. histolytica patients are symptomatic

A

False. Most are asymptomatic 80-99%

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9
Q

What is the form of E. histolytica present in tissues?

A

Trophozoites

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10
Q

T/F: E. histolytica is small and motile

A

False. E. histolytica is LARGE and motile

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11
Q

T/F: E. histolytica’s outer ectoplasm is clear, transparent, and refractile

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: E. histolytica’s inner endoplasm is finely granular and with ground glass appearance

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Pseudopodia of E. histolytica is inhibited at high temperatures

A

False. It is inhibited by low temperatures

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14
Q

T/F: E. histolytica’s motility is a free swimming one

A

False. Crawling or gliding motility

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15
Q

Cartwheeling appearance of nucleus is present in:

A

E. histolytica

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16
Q

How does E. histolytica divide?

A

By binary fission every 8H.

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17
Q

How does E. histolytica divide?

A

By binary fission every 8H.

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18
Q

T/F: Live trophozoites passed in stool can initiate infection when re-ingested.

A

False. Even ingested, trophozoites are killed rapidly in the stomach.

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19
Q

Where does the encystment of E. histolytica trophozoites occur?

A

In intestinal lumen.

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20
Q

T/F: E. histolytica encystment occurs in tissues and in feces

A

False. Encystment do not occur in tissues outside the body. It only occurs in intestinal lumen.

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21
Q

T/F: Pre-cystic stage of E. histolytica has glycogen vacuole and 2 chromatid bodies.

A

True.

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22
Q

T/F: Cystic stage of E. histolytica is spherical in shape

A

True. It is also 10-20um in size.

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23
Q

Mode of transmission of E. histolytica.

A

Swallowing of contaminated food and water.

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24
Q

T/F: Mature cyst of E. coli has 6 nuclei

A

False. It has eight.

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25
Q

T/F: Life cycle of Entamoeba coli is the same as E. histolytica

A

True. But it remains as luminal commensal without tissue invasion.

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26
Q

Cyst of this Entamoeba closely resembles Endolimax nana

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

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27
Q

Luminal agents for E. histolytica

A

Diloxanide, Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, Tetracycline

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28
Q

Tissue amoebicides for E. histolytica

A

Emetine, chloroquine.

Chloroquine: 1gm x 2 days then 5gm x 3 weeks

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29
Q

T/F: Asymptomatic E. histolytica do not need treatment

A

False. It also needs treatment.

30
Q

The chromatid bodies of this Entamoeba are splinter-like and irregular

A

Entamoeba coli

31
Q

Description of chromatid bodies of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Cigar-shaped with rounded ends

32
Q

Amoeboma closely resembles what cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma of colon

33
Q

T/F: Mature cyst of E. histolytica is octonucleated

A

False. Quadrinucleated

34
Q

T/F: Excystation occurs because of the acid environment of stomach

A

False. It occurs because of the alkaline environment of intestine and is damaged by TRYPSIN

35
Q

Life stages of E. histolytica

A

Trophozoite –> precyst –> cyst –> excystation –> metacyst

36
Q

Incubation period of E. histolytica

A

4 days to 5 months

37
Q

How to differentiate pathogenic vs non-pathogenic E. histolytica strains?

A 
Complement-mediated analysis
Phagocytic activity
Zymodeme activity
Genetic markers
Monoclonal antibodies
38
Q

Metacystic trophozoites penetrate what cell layer of GIT?

A

Columnar epithelial cells of crypts of Liberkuhn in colon

39
Q

Penetration of E. histolytica is due to what virulence factor?

A

Histolysin

40
Q

Adherence of E. histolytica is due to what virulence factor?

A

Amoebic lectin

41
Q

T/F: Stool consistency of E. histolytica is characterized by adherence to container

A

False. It do not adhere to container

42
Q

Description of intestinal ulcer lesion of E. histolytica amoebiasis

A

Pin-head center and raised edges

43
Q

In cross-section, what is the description of typical amoebic ulcer?

A

Flask-shaped. Narrow neck and rounded base

44
Q

Perforation and peritonitis is due to what pathophysiology:

A

Affectation of muscular and serous coats of colon respectively

45
Q

Amoeboma is a result of Acute or Chronic ulcer?

A

Chronic ulcer.

46
Q

Where can we see multiple lesions most?

A
  1. In cecum

2. Rectosigmoid, next most area

47
Q

Vague abdominal symptoms of E. histolytica is termed as

A

Growling abdomen

Uncomfortable belly

48
Q

Most common extraintestinal complication of amoebiasis

A

Hepatic amoebiasis

49
Q

T/F: In amoebic liver abscess, center of abscess if full of bacteria and amoeba

A

False. It is bacteriologically sterile and free of amoeba.

50
Q

Characteristic smell of ALA pus:

A

Anchovy sauce pus or bagoong like odor

51
Q

In smear, where can we see the invading amoeba?

A

In periphery.

Central is free of amoeba and bacteriologically sterilly

52
Q

How does jaundice occur?

A

When there is multiple lesions

53
Q

T/F: Pulmonary amoebiasis occur via lymphatic spread.

A

False. It occurs via direct hematogenous spread

54
Q

T/F: Hepatobronchial fistula has non-productive cough as symptoms

A

False. With productive cough. Expectoration of brown sputum.

55
Q

T/F: Amoebic empyema has productive cough

A

False. It has non-productive cough

56
Q

How does metastatic amoebiasis spread?

A

Through lymphatics and direct hematogenous spread

57
Q

Cutaneous amoebiasis is commonly mistaken for what disease entities?

A

Condylomata and epithelioma

58
Q

T/F: E. histolytica do not ingest RBCs

A

False. It phagocytize RBCs.

Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni are those that do not ingest RBCs

59
Q

How many stool samples should be examined to test for excretion of stools?

60
Q

T/F: Serological tests for E. histolytica becomes positive in non-invasive forms

A

False. It becomes positive in invasive forms only

61
Q

Indirect hemagluttin test/assay titer to diagnose with E. histolytica amoebic hepatitis/hepatitis amoebiasis

A

1:256 or above

62
Q

T/F: ELISA is of great value to E. histolytica diagnosis

A

True. Due to its greater sensitivity

63
Q

T/F: Stool samples are of great use in amoebic hepatitis

A

False. Because only about 15% of cases become positive.

64
Q

What part of lobe is usually affected in hepatic amoebiasis?

A

Right lobe

65
Q

Are lesions of amoebic liver abscess often solitary or multiple?

A

Solitary.

In pyogenic abscess is where we can appreciate more the multiple lesions.

66
Q

What is the drug of choice in treating amoebiasis?

A

Metronidazole.

750mg 3x/day for 5-10 days.

67
Q

T/F: Movement of E. coli is active/rapid.

A

False. It is sluggish.

68
Q

T/F: Visibility of nucleus in unstained film is a characteristic of E. hartmanni

A

False. It is characteristic description of Entamoeba coli.

69
Q

The karyosome of this Entamoeba is large and eccentric?

A

Entamoeba coli.

E. histolytica and E. hartmanni - small and central

70
Q

This pathogen can be found whenever E. histolytica is found.

A

E. hartmanni

Parasitology (2 decks)

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