ENT Treatments Flashcards by Trinity Smith

tx of cerumen impaction

detergent ear drops
irrigation
suction

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tx of foreign body

removal

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tx of pruritus

mineral oil
topical corticosteroid (atypical)

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tx of acute otitis externa

abx ear drops: neomycin or ciprodex
fungal- clotrimazole or acetic acid

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tx of malignant otitis externa

IV abx- fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
children- cephalosporins

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tx of adult acute otitis media

oral amoxicillin (amox-clav; cefuroxime)
long term abx prophylaxis (sulfa or amox)
tympanostomy

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tx of child acute otitis media

oral amoxicillin (amox-clav; cephalosporins)

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abx length for AOM in children

10 days- <2yrs or severe symptoms
7 days- 2-5 yrs
5-7 days- 6+ yrs

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tx for chronic otitis media

topical otic abx- ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (w/ dexa)
systemic abx- ciprofloxacin
tympanostomy, mastoidectomy

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tx for otitis media with effusion

watchful waiting
autoinflation
surgery (tympanostomy)

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tx for cholesteatoma

mastoidectomy
abx steroid drops to reduce inflammation

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tx for mastoiditis

IV abx- cefazolin
myringotomy
mastoidectomy

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tx for eustachian tube dysfunction

viral- decongestants- pseudoephedrine or oxymetazoline
allergic- intranasal corticosteroids: beclomethason diproprionate)

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tx of barotrauma

pop ears frequently
OTC decongestants- pseudoephedrine
topical decongestants- phenylephrine or oxymetazoline spray

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tx for inner ear fistula

BR w/ HOB elevation and stool softeners
oral corticosteroids

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tx for otosclerosis

hearing aid
stapedectomy

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tx for sudden SNHL

corticosteroids

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tx for vestibular schwannoma

surgery
monitoring
radiation

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tx for BPPV

Epley maneuver

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tx for meniere’s disease

low salt diet, diuretics (acetazolamide)
intratympanic corticosteroids
vestibular ablation

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tx for labyrinthitis

acute attacks- valium or meclizine
abx if signs of infection
oral corticosteroids

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tx for vestibular neuronitis

acute attacks- valium or meclizine

tx for TMJ

NSAIDs
muscle relaxers, neuropathic pain meds (TCAs or gabapentin), corticosteroids, CBT, PT

tx for viral rhinosinusitis

supportive care- rest, hydration, OTC analgesics and decongestants (pseudoephedrine), nasal sprays

tx for bacterial rhinosinusitis

NSAIDs, saline washes, decongestants (pesudoephedrine or oxymetazoline), corticosteroids (mometasone furoate)

tx for bacterial rhinosinusitis lasting longer than 10 days or with severe symptoms

amoxicillin-clavulantate doxycycline or clindamycin with cephalosporins for pt's allergic to PCN

tx for allergic rhinitis

corticosteroids (beclomethasone) antihistamines (loratadine) nasal spray anti-leukotrienes (montelukast) anti-cholinergics

tx for vasomotor rhinitis

intranasal anticholinergics steroid spray

tx for rhinitis medicamentosa

topical intranasal corticosteroids (flunisolide) intranasal anticholinergic (iproatropium) oral prednisone

tx of anterior epistaxis

hold pressure for 15 min sitting forward, topical nasal decongestants (phenylephrine or oxymetazoline)

tx of posterior epistaxis

posterior packing, admit to hospital, abx recommended

tx for nasal polyps

intranasal corticosteroids

tx of leukoplakia

cessation of irritants

tx of erythroplakia

complete excision depending on biopsy

tx of lichen planus

topical corticosteroid

tx of hairy leukoplakia

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

tx of oral candidasis

topical antifungal- clotrimazole lozenges, nystatin mouth rinses systemic antifungals- oral fluconazole

tx of aphthous ulcer

avoid irritants topical corticosteroids in adhesive base topical analgesics

tx of HSV

acyclovir (oral or topical), valacyclovir, famciclovir, pain management, hydration

tx of glossitis

treat underlying cause

tx of glossodynia

alpha lipoic acid

tx of pharyngitis/ tonsillitis

oral abx- penicillin V potassium or cefuroxime axetil erythromycin or cephalosporins viral tx- NSAIDs, anesthetics, lozenges

tx of peritonsillar abscess

parenteral abx- amox, amox-sulbactam, clindamycin oral abx- amox, amox-clav, clindamycin needle aspiration, I&D, tonsillectomy

tx of epiglottitis

IV abx- cefizoxime, dexamethasone corticosteroids oral abx

tx of sialadentitis

IV abx- nafcillin increase salivary flow- hydration, warm compress, lemon drops, massage oral abx for less severe cases I&D

tx of sialolithiasis

removal of stone

tx of laryngitis

rest voice, hydration, humidifier erythromycin or corticosteroids for special cases

tx for Ludwig's Angina

secure airway IV Abx- penicillin and metronidazole; ampicillin-sulbactum; clindamycin, some cephalosporins

tx of deep neck infections

secure airway IV abx I&D

tx of hereditary angioedema

C1 inhibitor concentrate or fresh frozen plasma

tx of bradykinin-mediated angioedema

icatibant or ecallantide

tx of ACE-1 induced angioedema

stop ACE-1 airway management tranexamic acid, icatibant, C1 esterase inhibitor

tx for dental abscess

penicillin VK, amox-clav, clindamycin, ampicillin-sulb root canal extraction

tx of geographic tongue

most do not require tx topical steroids zinc, B12, niacin, riboflavin antihistamine mouth rinses topica anesthetic rinses tarcolimus ointment