ENT Surgery Flashcards
What is the triad of symptoms in menieres disease?
-Feeling of fullness in ear
-Tinnitus
-Vertigo
What is the centor criteria used for and what does it include? When is management indicated?
Centor criteria is used for tonsilitis
Includes:
-Fever
-Cervical lymphadenopathy
-Cough
-Tonsil exudate
Antibiotics(phenoxymethylpenicillin or clarithromycin if allergic) are indicated if 3/4 of the criteria are met.
What are risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and red flags? ?What would be the next step
-Ethnicity(Asian)
-Past adult history of tonsilitis
-RED flag sign is unilateral glued ear
Next step would be flexible nasoendoscopy
What is first line treatment for otitis externa?
Topical ABx with or without topical steroids for 1-2weeks
First line treatment for otitis media?
Including perforation or lasting more than 4 days
-Analgesia
-If perforated tympanic membrane or lasting more than 4 days, then oral amoxi for 5 days
If patient has recurrent otits externa after Abx and white discharge, what is causing if?
Candida albicans
What happens to hearing in vestibular neuritis?
No change
What type of hearing loss do you get with otosclerosis?
Conductive hearing loss
What should. you do for adult patient with glue ear? How may they present?
-Adult with glue ear, 2 week referal to ENT to check for posterior nasal space tumors
-Yellow mucus behind ear and hearing loss
What should you do if patient has unilateral polyp?
REFER TO ENT
-MAJOR RED FLAG
Mx for bilateral nasal polyps
intranasal steroid drops or spray
What is the samtars triad?
Samter’s triad = asthma + aspirin sensitivity + nasal polyposis
-Exacerbation of asthma
What is a common complication of a cholesteatoma?
Conductive hearing loss
What is sialadenitis and what does it commonly affect and presentation?
It is inflammation of the salivary gland
-commonly affects the parotid gland
-Presents with swelling on cheek, difficulty opening mouth due to pain, fever, bad taste in mouth
Mx of supraglottitis
Nebulised adrenaline and IV dexamethasone
What does the halo sign indicate from fluid from the ear and what else would you expect to see?
-Indicates CSF so basal skull fracture
-You’d see bruising in the mastoid region
What is TMJ disorder?
-Causes pain to jaw when trying to open it
-bilateral ear pain
-biopsychosocial disorder
-Reassure
-CBT second line
