ENT presentations Flashcards
painless smelly chronic discharge
chronic suppurative otitis media / cholesteatoma
fever, malaise, ear pain, acute discharge
treatment
acute otitis media
antibiotcs
patient systemically well
acute discharge
ear pain
otitis externa (looks gross)
topical treatment - use otowicks to drop treatment into
mastoiditis can be a complication of which ear infection
acute otitis media
sudden onset vertigo, sick, not been 100% for months prior
acute vestibular neuonitis (labyrinthitis) - failure of inner ear due to inflammation of vestibular nerve (branch of CN8). often viral infection.
facial n palsy is a complication of which ear infection
chronic suppurative otitis media
painful , purulent discharge from nose, less than 3 months, after URTI
acute sinusitis
needs decongestants and antibiotics
difference between acute/chronic sinusitis
3 months
painful/painless around face/eyes
treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
topical +/- oral steroids
ong course macrolide abx (azithromycin)
high temp, difficulty swallowing, one sided, big swelling in throat
peritonsillar abcess - quinsy
DRAIN + IV antibiotics
severe sore throat, fever, near complete dysphagia, drooling/difficulty breathing
throat normal or slightly red
supra-/epiglottitis
might avoid examination
ENT emergency
acute onset loss of voice
malaise
painless throat (or slightly sore)
laryngitis
commonest causes of conductive hearing loss
- otitis media with effusion
- wax
- CSOM/cholesteatoma
- otosclerosis
commonest causes of sensorineural hearing loss
- noise induced
- presbyacusis
- congenital
first line treatment for otitis media with effusion
decongestants
nasal steroid spray
tot-inflation/valsalva
then grommets
what does OME look like on tympanometry
type B
flat line curves down
tympanometry for wax impaction
like OME - type B - flat line
what type of hearing loss does cholesteatoma/CSOM cause
shorter term: CHL
long term if cochlea eroded: SNHL
what is otosclerosis
excessive ossification around footplate of stapes, where transmits sound to oval window
progressive and conductive hearing loss. TM appearance normal.
what happens in noise-induced hearing loss
permanent damage and loss of hair cells in cochlea over time
what is presbyacusis
age-related reduction in hearing due to progressive hair cell death
high freq happen first
what type of hearing loss is hearing aids for
conductive (implantable bone hearing aids)
what do you use stapedectomy for
otosclerosis
disconnect otosclerotic stapes footplate from oval window and insert prosthesis
