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HEENT CABS > ENT pathology > Flashcards

ENT pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of epistaxis

A

Digital manipulation

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2
Q

Where is the most common place for epistaxis

A

Anterior aspect

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3
Q

What vessel typically bleeds with posterior nose bleeds

A

sphenopalentine branch of the maxillary artery

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4
Q

What causes a septal hematoma

A

bleeding between the perichondrium and cartilage of the septum - generally post trauma

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5
Q

What can a septal hematoma lead to

A

septal necrosis which will cause a saddle nose deformity

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6
Q

What are the most common causes of rhinitis

A

allergies
atrophic
pregnancy
occupational

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7
Q

What can cause non-allergic rhinitis

A

spicy food
temperature
smoke
strong smells

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of orbital cellulitis

A

ethmoid sinus

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9
Q

What is the timeframe for acute sinusitis

A

sudden onset that lasts <4wk

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10
Q

What is the timeframe for subacute sinusitis

A

<12wks but longer than acute phase

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11
Q

What is recurrent sinusitis

A

4+ episodes that last at least 1wk in a year

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12
Q

When do you treat sinusitis

A

after 2 weeks

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of sinusitis

A

viral URI

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14
Q

What is an Aphthous ulcers

A

canker sores

*shallow, round ulcer with central yellow exudate

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15
Q

What can cause canker sores

A

can be associated with celiac disease, IBS, HIV, SLE, neutropenia and local trauma

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16
Q

What type of cells are found within pre-ulcers

A

macrophages
lymphocytes

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17
Q

What type of cells can be seen within ulcers

A

neutrophils centrally
lymphocytes in raised ring

18
Q

When do aphthous ulcers present

A

during times of stress

can also be due to malnutrition

19
Q

What do you have to consider if adults get recurrent thrush

A

Immunocompromised
-HIV
-inhaled corticosteroids

20
Q

What is the most common cause of pharyngitis

A

bacterial / viral infection

21
Q

What is acute laryngitis

A

larynx inflammation <3wks

22
Q

If laryngitis is bacterial, what is the cause

A

moraxella, H. influenza, S. pneumonia

23
Q

What is the most common organism that causes epiglottis

A

S. Aureus

24
Q

What breathing sound will be heard with epiglottitis

A

Stridor

25
Q

What is the epiglottitis triad

A

drooling
dysphagia
Distress

26
Q

What is a peritonsillar abscess

A

suppurative deep space infection of the neck

*Pus collection between the palatine tonsils and pharyngeal muscles

27
Q

What is the presentation of a peritonsillar abscess

A

Unilateral peritonsillar swelling with uvula displacement

*hot potato voice

28
Q

What will increase a persons risk for peritonsillar abscess

A

smoking

29
Q

Which tonsils are most commonly effected with peritonsillar abscess

A

Palantine and typically on the superior aspect

30
Q

What are the major salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

31
Q

What is saliva necessary for

A

healthy dentition
mastication
tasting food

32
Q

What is Sialadenitis

A

Swelling of salivary glands

33
Q

What causes sialadentitis

A

obstruction

34
Q

What happens when salivary glands become infected

A

overlying skin will likely be erythematous and warm w/ purulent discharge from the ductal orifice

35
Q

What are causes of chronic sialadentitis

A

Tumor
Polycystic parotid disease (pseudoneoplastic disease)

36
Q

What is stensens duct orifice

A

parotid duct

37
Q

What is sialolithiasis

A

obstructive salivary stone

*most common cause of sialadentitis

38
Q

When will the pain increase with sialolithiasis

A

after eating

39
Q

What is the presentation of someone with infectious sialadentitis

A

Fever
pain erythema
purulent saliva

40
Q

What is the cause of bacterial sialadentitis

A

S. aureus

HEENT CABS (6 decks)

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