ENT - paediatric laryngology Flashcards
what surgery comprises laryngology
Head & Neck
Benign/Oncological Surgery
(Oral Cavity) Surgery
Pharynx, Larynx & Upper Oesophagus Surgery
Endocrine Surgery: Thyroid & Parathyroid
Airway Reconstructive Surgery
Salivary Gland Surgery
what are some common throat and neck symptoms
sore throat/odynophagia
dysphagia
referred otalgia
snoring (stertor) from large tonsils
hoarseness
stridor
drooling
neck lump
- lymph node
- thyroglossal cyst
- branchial cyst
what examinations should be carried out
mouth
oropharynx
neck palpation
what are the two type of tonsillitis
bacterial - beta-haemolytic streptococci
viral
what investigations can be done for tonsillitis
EBV serology
FBC
U&E
CRP
what is the medical management of tonsillitis
penicillin v +/- anaerobic cover
avoid amoxycillin/ampicilin
antiseptic gargle (difflam)
analgesia
what is the surgical treatment of tonsillitis
drain tonsillar abscess (quinsy)
tonsillectomy
- recurrent
- quinsy >1
- obstructive sleep apnoea
- malignancy
what are the anatomical differences of the larynx seen in children
relative macroglossia
tonsillar hypertrophy
large epiglottis
short neck
high larynx
subglottis narrowest point
define stertor
noisy breathing from obstruction above the larynx
define stridor
noisy breathing from obstruction at or below the larynx
what causes ronchi
narrowing of the lower rest airways (coarse rattling resp sounds)
what are the causes of acute stridor
infective
- croup/epiglottitis
foreign body
what are the causes of chronic stridor
laryngomalacia
subglottic stenosis
vocal cord palsy
what is characteristic of croup on X-ray
classic “steeple sign”
what is the commonest cause of paediatric stridor
laryngomalacia
