ENT + Opthalmology Flashcards
Complications of acute otitis media
Meningitis
Mastoiditis
Abscess extra/sub dural
Recurrent acute otitis media
Otitis media with effusion/glue ear.
Features of ear drum with acute otitis media
Bright red.
Bulging.
Loss or normal light reflection.
If perforated = pus in canal.
Epidemiology of acute otitis media
Less than 5yrs old, more common in males.
Inflammation of middle ear.
OME common between 2-7yrs
Causes of acute otitis media
Resp pathogens e.g. RSV, pneumococcus, H.influenza.
Clinical features of acute otitis media in child.
Ear pain (infants may tug at ear)
Fever
Restlessness
Clinical features of otitis media with effusion
No signs of acute illness - no fever.
Conductive hearing loss.
Dull, retracted ear drum. Fluid level visible.
Management of acute otitis media
Regular doses of paracetamol/ibuprofen.
Can offer back-up ABx prescription e.g. amoxicillin.
Management of OME
Flat trace on tympanometry.
Conductive hearing loss on pure tone audiometry.
To improve interaction and prevent developmental delay = grommets/ventilation tube.
Reasons why children at risk of middle ear infection
Short Eustachian tubes.
Horizontal Eustachian tubes.
Poor functioning Eustachian tubes.
Facial nerve palsy, swelling and redness around ear
Mastoiditis.
Risk factors for otits media
Male Day care attendance = increase virus exposure. Immunodeficiency Parental smoking Not up to date with immunisations.
Presentation of hearing loss in children
Newborn hearing test
Poor speech development and learning difficulties.
Abnormal behaviour and interaction.
Treatment for childhood deafness
Cochlear implant
Grommet/ventilation tube
Hearing aid with bone conduction.
Types of hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Mixed hearing loss.
