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ECOS II final > ENT lecture > Flashcards

ENT lecture Flashcards

1
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

nose inflammation due to allergen

sneezing, rhinorrhea (nasal discharge), nasal obstruction

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2
Q

affected artery in anterior epistaxis (nosebleeds)

A

Kiesselbach’s plexus (vascular watershed area)

most common

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3
Q

affected artery in posterior epistaxis (nosebleeds)

A

more significant bleeding than Anterior epistaxis
(rare)

posterolateral branches of sphenopalatine artery

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4
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A

caused by Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

sx: triad:

  1. fever
  2. tonsillar pharyngitis (sore throat)
  3. lymphadenopathy (enlarge lymphnode)
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5
Q

Sx of pharyngitis

A 
Coryza (inflamed mucus memb)
conjuctivitis 
malaise/fatigue 
hoarseness
low-grade fever ---viral pharyngitis
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6
Q

type of strep causing strep pharyngitis

A

group A beta hemolytic streptococcus GABHS / Streptococcus pyogenes

-GABHS also causes epiglottitis (same region with pharynx so makes sense)

High Yield

  • no cough, 5-15y.o chdn, winter and early spring, tender – anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  • tonsillar exudate
  • fever

if untreated- can cause cardiac issues

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7
Q

tests for GABHS

A

Rapid Antigen/Step Antigen Detection Test

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8
Q

test for Infectious Mononucleosis if Triad symptoms are present

A

Monospot Test: Rapid Slide Agglutination Test

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9
Q

Centor Score

A

Clinical Decision Rule for Mgt of Sore Throat

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10
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

inner ear infection

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11
Q

acute Ostitis media with purulent material in middle ear

A

Acute suppurative OM

bulging of ear + pus

if chronic: risk of tearing/perforating ear drum

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12
Q

OM with effusion (serous OM)

A

fluid build up in middle ear w/o bacteria/viral infection

  • persists after ear infection has resolved (post-acute OM)
  • can be due to dysfunction/non-infectious blockage of eustachian tubes

chronic OM (>6 weeks) with effusion is high risk new infections that could affect hearing

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13
Q

otitis externa

A

bacteria enters a small break in skin of canal

post-swimming water that doesn’t drain and bacteria starts growing

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14
Q

abnormal bone growth around stapes bone

A

otosclerosis

progressive hearing loss beginning age 10-30

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15
Q

Ossicle sclerosis (single immovable mass)

A

conductive hearing loss

weber test: lateralizes to affected side
rhinne test: BC>AC

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16
Q

otic capsule sclerosis

A

sensory hearing loss

weber test: lateralizes to unaffected ear (OPPOSITE)

capsule is most sensitive..if compromised, sensory loss is gone!

17
Q

normal Rinne Test

A

AC>BC

18
Q

Weber Test Dysfunction if: sound lateralizes to right ear

A

either
Conduction loss in the right ear
or
Sensorineural loss in opposite ear I.E Left ear

19
Q

Rinne test for ear with sensorineural loss

A

AC>BC

yes, normal result because conduction is intact in this ear. Sensorineural is what’s bad.

20
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss

A
  • cerumen impaction
  • middle ear fluid
  • lack of mvt of the ossicles
  • trauma
  • other cause of obstruction such as tumors
21
Q

causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hereditary, Meniere disease, MS, trauma, otoxic drugs, barotrauma

22
Q

what condition?

double sickening (better then worsens) , purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR, persistent acute rhinosinusitis >10days

A

Acute Bacterial Sinusitis

23
Q

6month -3yr chn; fever, nasal flaring, respiratory, retractions, swollen airways causing stridor, barking cough,

A

Croup aka Laryngotracheitis

X-ray shows Steeple Sign
narrowed trachea due to swelling

24
Q

Bug causing Croup

A

parainfluenza virus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus

25
Q

high-grade fever, drooling, toxic appearance, child sitting/leaning forward, elevating WBC, +ve Hemophilus Type B influenza or GABHS

A

Epiglottitis (life threatening)

inflamed epiglottis that shows on lateral neck XR

26
Q

Labyrinthitis vs Vestibular neuritis

A

Labyrinthitis: inflammation of labyrinth that affects both branches of vestibulo-cochlea nerve hence hearing and balance loss –>vertigo

Vestibular neuritis: inflammation of vestibular nerve branch. Hearing is unaffected but balance is affected (vertigo experienced)

27
Q

inner ear disorder, vertigo episodes, fluctuating hearing loss with progressive permanent loss, TINNITUS -ringing in ears, ear pressure, usually one ear

A

Meniere’s disease

spontaneous + hearing loss

28
Q

most common cause of vertigo, spinning head with position changes, +ve Dix-Hallpike maneuver

A

BPPV (ear crystal otolith out of place)

episodic, triggered,

29
Q

techniques for BPPV diagnosis and Tx

A

Diagnosis:
Dix-Hallpike maneuver:
+ve-> –>eye nystagmus, nausea, vertigo symptoms

both diagnosis and tx: Epley Maneuver
the mvts help crystal get back to o.g position

30
Q

bulging otitis media, erythmia, fever, clear nasal discharge, ear pain, hearing intact

A

acute otitis media

ECOS II final (9 decks)

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