ENT For SLT Flashcards
What is the external anatomy of the nose? 10 points.
- Root
- Dorsum
3, supra tip - Tip
- Columella
- Alar crease
- Naso-labial fold
- Philtrum
- Nares
- Alar Margin
What is the margin of the nasal cavity
Conchae
What are the contents of the internal anatomy of the nasal cavity?
Septum
Turbinates
Meati
What are the five areas of the septum?
- Quadrangular cartilage
- maxillary crest
- Vomer
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- Nasal bones
What are the three turbinates?
Inferior
Middle
Superior
What are the three meati?
Inferior ( NLD)
Middle (m, F, AE)
Spheno-ethmoidal recess ( PE, S)
What are the sinuses?
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Frontal
Sphenoid
What are the contents of the maxillary sinus?
Orbit
Oral cavity
What are the contents of the ethmoid sinus?
Orbit
Cribiform plate
What are the contents of the frontal sinus?
Orbit, ant fossa
What are the contents of the sphenoid sinus?
Pituitary, optic nerve
What is in the surface lining of the nose?
Respiratory epithelium
Mucoperiosteum
Mucoperichondrium
What is mucoperiosteum?
Bone
What is mucoperichondrium ?
Cartilage
Where does the nasopharynx begin and end?
Start- posterior choana
End- soft palate
What are the contents of the nasopharynx
Adenoids
Eustachian tube meatus
How to you inspect the external nose?
All angles, anterior rhinoscopy
How to you inspect the internal nose?
Rigid/ flexible nasendoscopy
What things cause nasal obstruction?
Foreign body Mucosal congestion Polyps Infection Deviated nasal septum Tumour Nasopharyngeal obstruction such as adenoids
What are the functions of the nose?
Airway Warming Humidification Filtering Smell/taste Resonance
What is anosmia?
No smell
What is ageusia?
No taste
What is hyposmia?
Reduced smell
What is hypogeusia?
Reduced taste
What is nasal allergen?
An inhaled substance causing an allergy
What is hypersensitivity?
Undesirable !!reactions!! produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. Ma be damaging, uncomfortable or occasionally fatal.
What is an allergy?
A misguided reaction to foreign substances by the immune system
What are the signs of allergy?
Nasal congestion Rhinnorhea Sneezing Watery eyes Seasonal Trigger factor Assoc' Asthma
How many types of allergy are there?
4
What are the treatments for allergy?
Antihistamines
Topical steroid
Short term decongestants ( no more than 1 week)
What is epistaxis?
A nose bleed
What are the causes for epistaxis?
Trauma
Spontaneous
Blood thinners
Why does the nose bleed?
Branches from both internal and external cartoid arteries supply the nose
Usually ‘ littles area’ at the front of the nasal septum.
Treatment of epistaxis?
Tilt head forward hold nose
Ice pack
Stop blood thinners
Vasoconstriction
Approximately how many people have a cleft palate?
1 in 500
What problems are caused from a cleft palate?
Aspiration Airway Regurgitation Growth Breast feeding
