ENT For SLT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the external anatomy of the nose? 10 points.

A
  1. Root
  2. Dorsum
    3, supra tip
  3. Tip
  4. Columella
  5. Alar crease
  6. Naso-labial fold
  7. Philtrum
  8. Nares
  9. Alar Margin
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2
Q

What is the margin of the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

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3
Q

What are the contents of the internal anatomy of the nasal cavity?

A

Septum
Turbinates
Meati

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4
Q

What are the five areas of the septum?

A
  1. Quadrangular cartilage
  2. maxillary crest
  3. Vomer
  4. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  5. Nasal bones
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5
Q

What are the three turbinates?

A

Inferior
Middle
Superior

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6
Q

What are the three meati?

A

Inferior ( NLD)
Middle (m, F, AE)
Spheno-ethmoidal recess ( PE, S)

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7
Q

What are the sinuses?

A

Maxillary
Ethmoid
Frontal
Sphenoid

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8
Q

What are the contents of the maxillary sinus?

A

Orbit

Oral cavity

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9
Q

What are the contents of the ethmoid sinus?

A

Orbit

Cribiform plate

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10
Q

What are the contents of the frontal sinus?

A

Orbit, ant fossa

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11
Q

What are the contents of the sphenoid sinus?

A

Pituitary, optic nerve

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12
Q

What is in the surface lining of the nose?

A

Respiratory epithelium
Mucoperiosteum
Mucoperichondrium

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13
Q

What is mucoperiosteum?

A

Bone

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14
Q

What is mucoperichondrium ?

A

Cartilage

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15
Q

Where does the nasopharynx begin and end?

A

Start- posterior choana

End- soft palate

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16
Q

What are the contents of the nasopharynx

A

Adenoids

Eustachian tube meatus

17
Q

How to you inspect the external nose?

A

All angles, anterior rhinoscopy

18
Q

How to you inspect the internal nose?

A

Rigid/ flexible nasendoscopy

19
Q

What things cause nasal obstruction?

A
Foreign body 
Mucosal congestion 
Polyps 
Infection 
Deviated nasal septum 
Tumour 
Nasopharyngeal obstruction such as adenoids
20
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A
Airway 
Warming 
Humidification 
Filtering 
Smell/taste 
Resonance
21
Q

What is anosmia?

A

No smell

22
Q

What is ageusia?

A

No taste

23
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

Reduced smell

24
Q

What is hypogeusia?

A

Reduced taste

25
Q

What is nasal allergen?

A

An inhaled substance causing an allergy

26
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

Undesirable !!reactions!! produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. Ma be damaging, uncomfortable or occasionally fatal.

27
Q

What is an allergy?

A

A misguided reaction to foreign substances by the immune system

28
Q

What are the signs of allergy?

A
Nasal congestion 
Rhinnorhea 
Sneezing 
Watery eyes 
Seasonal 
Trigger factor 
Assoc' Asthma
29
Q

How many types of allergy are there?

A

4

30
Q

What are the treatments for allergy?

A

Antihistamines
Topical steroid
Short term decongestants ( no more than 1 week)

31
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

A nose bleed

32
Q

What are the causes for epistaxis?

A

Trauma
Spontaneous
Blood thinners

33
Q

Why does the nose bleed?

A

Branches from both internal and external cartoid arteries supply the nose
Usually ‘ littles area’ at the front of the nasal septum.

34
Q

Treatment of epistaxis?

A

Tilt head forward hold nose
Ice pack
Stop blood thinners
Vasoconstriction

35
Q

Approximately how many people have a cleft palate?

A

1 in 500

36
Q

What problems are caused from a cleft palate?

A
Aspiration 
Airway 
Regurgitation 
Growth 
Breast feeding