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PCM II Midterm > ENT Complaint > Flashcards

ENT Complaint Flashcards

1
Q

When do frontal sinuses develop?

A

8-10 years of age

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2
Q

Torus Palatinus

A
  • harmless bony growth
  • oral exostosis
  • female > male
  • hereditary
  • no surgery needed usually
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3
Q

Strep throat

A
  • beefy red soft palate and uvula
  • enlarged red tonsils
  • white or yellow patches on the tonsils
  • tiny hemorrhages on the soft palate
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4
Q

Pharyngitis

A
  • inflammation of pharynx with resulting sore throat
  • viral causes: adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, entervirus, influenza A or B, respiratory syncytial virus
  • bacterial causes: GABHS, chlamydia pneimoniae, myoplasma penumoniae
  • symptoms: coryza (inflamed musuc membrane), conjunctivitis, fatigue, hoarseness, and low grade fever
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5
Q

Symptoms patients may report

A

sore throat, headache, fatigue, fever, body aches, nausea

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6
Q

Why nausea?

A

pharynx right next to intra-abdominal organs on homonculus

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7
Q

What is GABHS?

A

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

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8
Q

Highest likelihood of GABHS?

A 
children 5-15
winter and early spring seasons
absence of cough
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
tonsillar exudate 
fever
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9
Q

Labs to consider

A
  • rapid antigen detection test
  • throat culture
  • mono spot test
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10
Q

Treatments

A

antibiotics

NSAIDS, cough drops, Chloraseptic sprays

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11
Q

Ear Infections

A 
Middle: air filled space behind the eardrum
-acute otitis media (AOM)
-otitis media with effusion
Outer: outer ear canal 
-otitis externa
Inner: inner ear structures
-labyrinithitis
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12
Q

Acute OM

A

symptomatic inflammation of middle ear that can be viral or bacteria

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13
Q

Acute suppurative OM

A

acute OM with purulent material in the middle ear

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14
Q

OM with effusion

A

inflammation and build up in the middle ear without bacteria or virus infection; may occur because fluid buildup persists after an ear infection has been resolved or due to some dysfunction of eustachian tubes

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15
Q

Chronic OM with effusion

A

occurs when fluid remains in the middle ear and continues to return without bacterial or viral infection; makes children susceptible to new ear infections and may affect hearing

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16
Q

Chronic suppurative OM

A

persistent ear infection that often results in tearing or perforation of the eardrum

17
Q

Appearance of acute OM

A
  • appears TM is bulging
  • red
  • TM has reduced mobility when pneumatic otoscope is used
18
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion

A

-fluid behind ear drum
-often follows acute otitis media
can last 3 months
can affect hearing if chronic

19
Q

Otitis externa

A
  • can be caused by bacteria entering small break in skin canal
  • pts may report drainage from the ear
  • usually associated with pain upon touching the external ear structures
20
Q

Otosclerosis

A
  • abnormal bone growth around stapes bone
  • associated with progressive hearing loss beginning ages 10-30
  • marked hearing loss during middle age
  • conductive loss = ossicle sclerosis into a single immovable mass
  • sensory loss = otic capsule sclerosis
  • affects about 10% caucasians; females > males
21
Q

Weber Test

A

Conductive Loss: lateralizes to affect side

Sensorineural Loss: lateralizes to side opposite of affected ear

22
Q

Rinne Test

A

Normal: air conduction > bone conduction

Conductive Loss: BC > AC

23
Q

Causes of Conductive:

A

cerum impaction, middle ear fluid, lack of movement of the ossicles, trauma, other cause of obstruction such as tumors

24
Q

Causes of Sensorineural

A

-hereditary, Meinere, MS, trauma, otoxic drugs, barotrauma

25
Q

Rhinosinusitis

A
  • mucosal lining in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity inflamed
  • infectious causes
  • dental infections, immunodeficiency, iatrogenic, impaired ciliary motility, mechanical obstruction
  • nasal discharge, couch, sneeze, congestion, fever, headache, pain, facial pressure
  • treat with analgesics, intranasal corticosteroids, nasal irrigation, antihistamine
26
Q

Bacterial Sinusitis

A
  • double sickening, purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR
  • symptoms persist for at least 10 days
  • treat with first line antibiotic: amoxicillin, augmentin
  • second line antibiotic: doxycycline, levaquin, clindamycin, cefixime
27
Q

Croup

A
  • Laryngotracheitis
  • swelling of larynx, trachea, bronchi causing inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 months to 3 years
  • caused by flu, or respiratory syncytial virus
  • fever, nasal flaring, respiratory tractions, stridor, barking cough
  • can perform XR if needed
  • treat with oxygen, dexamethasone, nebulized epinephrine
28
Q

Epiglottitis

A
  • inflammation of the epiglottis and adjacent structures
  • caused by haemophilus tybe b influenza, group A beta hemolytic strep
  • high grade fever, toxic appearance, child sitting or leaning forward
  • consider lateral XR and white blood cell count
  • protect airway, intubate if needed, broad spectrum antibiotics

PCM II Midterm (11 decks)

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