ENT and Respiratory Flashcards
Differences Between Pedi and Adult
Trachea is shorter, diameter of the airway is much smaller
Acute Otitis Media Pathophysiology
Infection of the middle ear
Acute Otitis Media Causes
Viral URI
Acute Otitis Media Signs and Symptoms
Severe pain in the ear from the pressure of fluid, red bulging tympanic membrane, fever, irritability, lethargy, poor feeding/lack of appetite
Acute Otitis Media Treatment
ABX for infection
Acute Otitis Media Nursing Management
Pain relief: analgesics, hot/cold, numbing ear drops, facilitate drainage, sit baby up while feeding
Myringotomy
Pressure equalizing tubes that allow for fluid removal, typically fall out on their own within a year, hearing should be normal and ear infections should be reduced
Myringotomy Post Op Care
Ear drops, avoid water in ears, ear plugs as recommended
Myringotomy Prevention
Sit or hold the infant upright during feedings, avoid pacifier use, eliminate tobacco smoke and allergens
Serous Otitis Media Signs and Symptoms
Pain, yellow/green purulent malodorous drainage, dull/opaque tympanic membrane, fluid line and air bubbles along tympanic membrane
Tonsillitis, Adenoiditis, Pharyngitis
Fever, sore throat, snoring, malaise, difficulty swallowing, recurring infection, SOB, enlarged and red tonsils
Tonsilitis, Adenoiditis, and Pharyngitis Nursing Management
Saline gargles, analgesics, throat lozenges, cool mist humidifier, hydration with cool liquids, ABX if bacterial
Post Op Care Tonsillectomy’s and Adenoidectomy’s
Bleeding: frequent swallowing, nausea, blood dripping from mouth
Have soft, cool liquids/foods, avoid dry/ crunchy foods
Croup
Viral, hoarse, fever, barking cough, humidifier
Epilottitis
Bacterial, dysphagia, drooling, dysphonia, distressed breathing, antibiotics, progresses fast
Bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of the trachea and bronchial tubes
Bronchiolitits
Inflammation of the smaller airways at the bronchiolar level, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
RSV in Young Children
Tachypena, tachycardia, wheezing, crackles, retractions, cyanosis, difficulty feeding
Allergic Rhinitits
Caused by seasonal allergies, nasal congestion and discharge, itchiness of nose, eyes, and pharynx, dry throat, watery eyes
Antihistamines
Pneumonia
high fever, cough, retractions, nasal flaring, rapid shallowing breathing, abnormal breath sounds, chest pain, pallor
Droplet precautions
Treatments: bronchodilators, corticosteroids, beta-anatogonists, antivirals
Respiratory Distress Assessment
Changes in airway sounds, changes in skin color, changes mental status
Respiratory Distress Signs and Symptoms
Tachypena, abnormal breath sounds, tachycardia, pallor, cool skin, changes in LOC
Respiratory Distress Nursing Interventions
Humidified oxygen, IV fluids, chest physiotherapy
Asthma
Chronic reactive airway disorder involving episodic, reversible airway obstruction from bronchospasm
