Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT > ENT Anatomy > Flashcards

ENT Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into

A

sphenoethmoid recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into

A

superior meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinus drain into

A

semilunar hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

middle ethmoidal air cells drain into

A

ethmoidal bulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nasolacrimal duct drains into

A

inferior meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

skeleton surrounding brain

A

neurocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

facial skeleton

A

viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bone situated at the roof of the nasal cavity between the two orbital cavities

A

ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bone that makes up the forehead

A

frontal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bone at the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

inferior conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bone located at the medial wall of the orbit

A

lacrimal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bone that makes up the jaw

A

mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bone that makes up the area surrounding the nose and between the nose and mouth

A

maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bone that makes up the nose

A

nasal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bone that makes up the scalp

A

parietal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

connects neurocranium and viscerocranium, contains a lateral pterygoid plate and a medial pterygoid plate

A

sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bone that makes up the skull around the ear

A

temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bone in between the nostrils

A

vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bone that makes up the cheekbones

A

zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

connection between sphenoid, parietal, frontal and temporal bones

A

pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

foramen that transmits the spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

foramen that transmits the mandibular nerve

A

foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

foramen that transmits the maxillary nerve

A

foramen rotundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

foramen that transmits the frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary, abducent, trochlear and oculomotor (superior and inferior branches) nerves

A

superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

foramen that transmits CNIX-XI

A

jugular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

foramen that transmits the hypoglossal nerve and blood vessels

A

hypoglossal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

foramen that gathers sound waves

A

external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

foramen that transmits the vestibulocochlear nerve, facial nerve and labyrinthine artery

A

internal acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

foramen that transmits the olfactory nerve

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

foramen that transmits the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery

A

stylomastoid foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

foramen that transmits the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels

A

greater palatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

foramen that transmits the lesser palatine nerve and arteries

A

lesser palatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

area just inside the nostril that leads to the nasal cavity

A

nasal vestibules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the inside of most of the visible nose

A

respiratory regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the part of the nasal cavity close to the roof

A

olfactory regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the rounded part of the nostrils that is visible

A

ala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

top of the nose between the eyebrows

A

root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the long anterior part of the nose

A

dorsum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

cartilage on the lateral aspects of the nose

A

lateral cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

cartilage on the medial aspect of the nose

A

septal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

small space in the nasal cavity posterior and superior to the superior concha

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

small space between the superior and middle conchae

A

superior meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

small space between the middle and inferior conchae

A

middle meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

small space under the inferior concha

A

inferior meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what cells are sinuses lined with?

A

respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

name the four sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoid air cells, sphenoid, maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

borders of the nasopharynx

A

posterior nasal cavity to soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

borders of the oropharynx

A

soft palate to superior border of epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

borders of laryngopharynx

A

superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

gap in the posterior nasal cavity

A

choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

elevation in mucous membrane caused by underlying Eustachian tube

A

torus tubarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

a deep hole behind the Eustachian tube

A

pharyngeal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

a raised ridge of mucous membrane extending along the wall of the pharynx

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

an opening that connects the middle ear with the nasal-sinus cavity

A

Eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

bundles of lymphatic tissue located in the lateral oropharynx

A

palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

anterior arch of the oral cavity

A

palatoglossal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

posterior arch of the oral cavity

A

palatopharyngeal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

bundles of lymphatic tissue at the sides of the tongue at the base

A

lingual tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

the entrance to the larynx

A

laryngeal aditus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

side branches from the vocal tract

A

piriform fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

name the 9 pharyngeal cartilages

A

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage (x2), corniculate cartilage (x2), cuneiform cartilage (x2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what is the internal larynx lined with?

A

respiratory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

area of larynx above vocal cords

A

laryngeal vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

structure that lies between the vocal and vestibular fold

A

laryngeal ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

laryngeal vestibule and ventricle collective term

A

supraglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

space between the vocal cords and cricoid cartilage

A

infra-glottic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

A

thyrohyoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

superior protuberance from thyroid cartilage

A

superior horn of thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

inferior protuberance from thyroid cartilage

A

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

flat portion of cricoid cartilage

A

cricoid lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

links vestibular ligament and epiglottis

A

quadrangular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

free lower edge of quadrangular membrane

A

vestibular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

medial edge of laryngeal triangular membrane

A

vocal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

links cricoid cartilage and vocal ligament

A

conus elasticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

processes of arytenoid cartilage

A

vocal and muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

articulation between cricoid and arytenoid cartilages

A

cricoarytenoid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

articulation between cricoid and thyroid cartilages

A

cricothyroid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

most anterior aspect of the chin

A

mental protuberance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

bony projection at the base of the temporal bone

A

mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

elevation on posterior surface of occipital bone

A

external occipital protuberance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

space between inside of lips and gums/teeth

A

oral vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

deep layer of fascia surrounding the vertebral column

A

prevertebral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

fascia arranged like a collar around the neck

A

investing fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

fascia surrounding the trachea

A

pretracheal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

fascia surrounding internal carotid artery and CNIX-XII)

A

carotid sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

anterior boundary of oral cavity

A

lips and oral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

opening between the lips

A

oral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

posterior boundary of oral cavity

A

isthmus of fauces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

lateral boundary of oral cavity

A

cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

superior boundary of oral cavity

A

hard and soft palates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

inferior boundary of oral cavity

A

floor of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

bit that hangs down at the back of the throat

A

uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

gums

A

gingivae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

opening for submandibular glands

A

sublingual caruncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

line in the middle underneath the tongue

A

lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

crest of mucous membrane around the bottom of the tongue

A

sublingual fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

line between left and right palatine bones

A

medial palatine suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

connects nasal and oral cavities

A

incisive foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

salivary glands in the palatal mucosa secrete…

A

mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

mucosal elevations on anterior third of palate

A

palatal rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

false vocal cord

A

vestibular fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

true vocal cord

A

vocal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

septal cartilage aka

A

quadrilateral cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

foramen that transmits anterior ethmoidal artery, vein and nerve

A

anterior ethmoidal foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

foramen that transmits posterior ethmoidal artery, vein and nerve

A

posterior ethmoidal foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

foramen that transmits sphenopalatine artery, posterior superior lateral nasal nerve, and nasopalatine nerves

A

sphenopalatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

two branches of ophthalmic artery

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

first branch from internal carotid artery after it enters the cranial cavity

A

ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

two branches of maxillary artery

A

sphenopalatine artery and descending palatine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

branch of descending palatine artery

A

greater palatine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

terminal branch of external carotid artery

A

maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

two branches of facial artery

A

septal branch of superior labial artery and lateral nasal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

three origins of vessels supplying nasal cavity

A

facial, maxillary and ophthalmic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

five contributors to Keisselbach’s plexus

A

anterior ethmoidal artery, posterior ethmoidal artery, septal branch of superior labial artery, sphenopalatine artery, and greater palatine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

what kind of neurons are receptor cells?

A

bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

function of nasal conchae

A

keep turbulent air in nasal cavity for a bit longer giving the receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium a chance to pick up odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

olfactory pathway

A

olfactory nerves (receptor cells) in olfactory epithelium, pass up through cribriform plate, synapse in olfactory bulb, pass along olfactory tract to temporal lobe and other olfactory areas of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

CNV1

A

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

CNV2

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

two foraminae that nasopalatine nerves pass through

A

sphenopalatine foramen and incisive foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

what direction do greater palatine artery and sphenopalatine artery travel through incisive foramen?

A

ascending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

what direction do nasopalatine nerves travel through incisive foramen?

A

descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

ophthalmic division sends axons through…

A

superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

maxillary division sends axons through…

A

foramen rotundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

trigeminal ganglion location

A

temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

inferior portion of temporal bone

A

petrous portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

superior portion of temporal bone

A

squamous portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

slender projection inferiorly from temporal bone

A

styloid process

132
Q

fissure in the temporal bone that runs from temporomandibular joint to tympanic cavity

A

petrotympanic fissure

133
Q

depression in zygomatic process of temporal bone that the mandible articulates with

A

glenoid fossa

134
Q

foramen medial to stylomastoid foramen which transmits the carotid artery

A

external carotid canal

135
Q

the part of temporal bone which articulates with the zygomatic bone

A

zygomatic process

136
Q

outer ear

A

cartilaginous pinna/auricle

137
Q

ear canal

A

external acoustic meatus

138
Q

medial end of external acoustic meatus

A

tympanic membrane

139
Q

what forms the pinna?

A

elastic cartilage

140
Q

where does the elastic cartilage of the pinna get nutrients?

A

skin

141
Q

what forms the lateral third of internal acoustic meatus?

A

cartilage

142
Q

what is the term to describe the structure of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

osseocartilaginous canal

143
Q

what lines osseocartilaginous canal?

A

skin continuous with pinna

144
Q

what glands produce earwax?

A

ceruminous glands

145
Q

outer fold of ear

A

helix

146
Q

Y-shaped second fold of ear

A

anti-helix

147
Q

anterior protrusion of ear

A

tragus

148
Q

inferior border of ear

A

anti-tragus

149
Q

inferior protrusion of ear

A

ear lobe

150
Q

cavity of ear underneath anti-helix

A

concha

151
Q

nerve supply to posterior aspect of ear

A

C2, C3 - lesser occipital nerve

152
Q

nerve supply to anterior aspect of ear

A

C2, C3 - greater auricular nerve

153
Q

nerve supply to inferior aspects of external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane

A

CNX

154
Q

nerve supply to superior aspects of external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane

A

CNV3

155
Q

nerve supply to part of external acoustic meatus

A

CNVII

156
Q

used to examine external acoustic meatus

A

otoscope

157
Q

external acoustic meatus in a child

A

short and straight

158
Q

how to examine external acoustic meatus in a child

A

gently pull ear posterioinferiorly

159
Q

external acoustic meatus in an adult

A

curved

160
Q

how to examine external acoustic meatus in an adult

A

gently pull ear posteriosuperiorly

161
Q

thin part of tympanic membrane superiorly

A

pars flaccida

162
Q

most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane

A

umbo

163
Q

thick part of tympanic membrane posteroinferiorly

A

pars tensa

164
Q

first bones to ossify during development that are fully developed at birth

A

auditory ossicles

165
Q

functions of auditory ossicles

A

convey vibrations of tympanic membrane caused by soundwaves and conduct them to apparatus of inner ear

166
Q

lateral auditory ossicle

A

malleus (hammer)

167
Q

middle auditory ossicle

A

incus (anvil)

168
Q

medial auditory ossicle

A

stapes (stirrup)

169
Q

what connects the auditory ossicles?

A

small synovial joints

170
Q

what suspends auditory ossicles in the tympanic cavity?

A

mucosal folds and small ligaments

171
Q

muscle of tympanic cavity that inserts onto malleus

A

tensor tympani

172
Q

nerve supply of tensor tympani

A

CNV3 (mandibular)

173
Q

muscle of tympanic cavity that inserts onto stapes

A

stapedius

174
Q

nerve supply of stapedius

A

CNVII (facial)

175
Q

part of tympanic cavity posterior to tympanic membrane

A

tympanic cavity proper

176
Q

part of tympanic cavity superior to tympanic membrane

A

epitympanic recess

177
Q

nerve that carries sensory information from mucosa lining middle ear

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

178
Q

opening in epitympanic recess

A

mastoid aditus

179
Q

where does the mastoid aditus lead?

A

air cells of mastoid process

180
Q

roof of tympanic canal

A

tegmen tympani

181
Q

function of tegmen tympani

A

separates tympanic canal from middle cranial fossa

182
Q

floor of tympanic cavity closely related to…

A

internal jugular vein

183
Q

feature on medial wall that receives footplate of stapes

A

oval window

184
Q

feature on medial wall that dissipates forces from cochlear

A

round window

185
Q

feature on medial wall that is formed by the first turn of cochlea

A

promontory

186
Q

feature on medial wall that contains facial nerve (CNVII)

A

facial canal

187
Q

nerve that passes between incus and malleus towards infratemporal fossa

A

chorda tympani

188
Q

what forms the posterior third of Eustachian tube?

A

bone

189
Q

what forms the anterior two thirds of Eustachian tube?

A

cartilage

190
Q

function of Eustachian tube?

A

equalise air pressure between middle ear and nasopharynx

191
Q

what is the normal state of the Eustachian tube?

A

collapsed

192
Q

when does the Eustachian tube become patent?

A

during muscular contraction

193
Q

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

mucosa of middle ear cavity, Eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and palatine tonsils

194
Q

function of inner ear

A

reception of sound and maintenance of balance

195
Q

series of bony cavities within temporal bone

A

bony labyrinth

196
Q

group of ducts and chambers filled with endolymphatic fluid located within bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth

197
Q

rigid, bony outer wall of inner ear in temporal bone

A

otic capsule

198
Q

part of inner ear that aids hearing

A

cochlear

199
Q

parts of inner ear that aid balance

A

semicircular canals, utricle, saccule

200
Q

bony core of cochlear

A

modiolus

201
Q

shell-shaped spiral encircling modiolus

A

cochlear

202
Q

oval-shaped chamber containing utricle and saccule

A

vestibule

203
Q

what window does the cochlear feature?

A

round window

204
Q

what window does the vestibule feature?

A

oval window

205
Q

semicircular canals

A

posterior, lateral, anterior, situated at right angles to each other

206
Q

vestibular organs

A

utricle and saccule

207
Q

detects motion in the horizontal plane

A

utricle

208
Q

detects motion in the vertical/sagittal plane

A

saccule

209
Q

where does the endolymphatic fluid come from?

A

endolymphatic sac and duct, and cochlear duct

210
Q

dilation on each semicircular duct

A

ampulla

211
Q

which two semicircular ducts have a common stalk?

A

anterior and posterior

212
Q

where is inner ear located?

A

petrous portion of temporal bone

213
Q

specialised mechanoreceptors that convert mechanical stimuli to neural stimuli

A

hair cells

214
Q

two labyrinths of sensory areas of inner ear

A

cochlear labyrinth and vestibular labyrinth

215
Q

where are hair cells located?

A

maculae of utricle and saccule, ampullae of semicircular ducts, and organ of corti

216
Q

which nerve carries neural stimuli from hair cells to CNS?

A

vestibular nerve (division of vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII))

217
Q

where are the cell bodies from vestibular nerve located?

A

vestibular ganglion

218
Q

3 fluid-filled channels of cochlear

A

scala vestibuli, scala tympani, scala media (cochlear duct)

219
Q

site at cochlear where scala vestibuli and scala media are continuous

A

helicotrema

220
Q

organ of inner ear that converts fluid vibrations into neural action potentials

A

organ of corti

221
Q

medical term for hearing

A

audition

222
Q

nerve that carries neural stimuli from organ of corti

A

cochlear nerve (division of vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII))

223
Q

where are the cell bodies from cochlear nerve contained?

A

spiral ganglion

224
Q

where is the organ of corti located?

A

cochlear duct

225
Q

modalities of the facial nerve

A

somatic sensation, special sensation (taste), somatic motor and visceral motor

226
Q

modalities of greater petrosal nerve

A

presynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres

227
Q

modalities of chorda tympani

A

taste, parasympathetic secretomotor fibres

228
Q

modality of nerve to stapedius

A

somatic motor

229
Q

specialised structure within utricle containing hair cells

A

utricular macula

230
Q

specialised structure within saccule containing hair cells

A

saccular macula

231
Q

nerve that travels through pterygoid canal

A

vidian nerve

232
Q

where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located

A

pterygopalatine fossa

233
Q

interconnection between CNV1 and CNV2

A

zygomatic nerve

234
Q

do sympathetic fibres synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

no

235
Q

do parasympathetic fibres synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

yes

236
Q

what does the vidian nerve run through?

A

pterygoid canal

237
Q

symptoms of disruption of vidian nerve

A

dry eye on ipsilateral side, dry mucosa

238
Q

symptoms of disruption of facial nerve in internal acoustic meatus

A

dry eyes, dry mucosa, lack of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue, dry mouth

239
Q

what direction does the tympanic membrane push if atmospheric air pressure is greater than tympanic cavity air pressure?

A

in

240
Q

what direction does the tympanic membrane push if tympanic cavity air pressure is greater than atmospheric air pressure?

A

out

241
Q

what is the bony labyrinth filled with?

A

perilymph

242
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

endolymph

243
Q

what detects angular movement?

A

semicircular ducts

244
Q

what plane does the anterior semicircular canal detect movement in?

A

sagittal

245
Q

what plane does the posterior semicircular canal detect movement in?

A

coronal

246
Q

what plane does the lateral semicircular canal detect movement in?

A

axial

247
Q

damage to cochlear nerve will lead to…

A

loss of hearing

248
Q

damage to vestibular nerve will lead to…

A

loss of balance

249
Q

damage to greater petrosal nerve will lead to…

A

dry eyes and mucosa

250
Q

damage to chorda tympani nerve will lead to

A

dry mouth and loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

251
Q

portion of facial nerve that leaves brainstem at pontomedullary junction and enters internal acoustic meatus

A

cranial portion

252
Q

portion of facial nerve that travels through temporal bone in close relationship to the middle ear and leaves temporal bone through stylomastoid foramen

A

temporal portion

253
Q

portion of facial nerve that courses towards and through the parotid gland

A

extratemporal portion

254
Q

which papillae have taste buds?

A

foliate, fungiform and vallate

255
Q

which papillae detect pain, touch, temperature?

A

filiform

256
Q

what is the vertical part of the tongue?

A

posterior 1/3

257
Q

what is the horizontal part of the tongue?

A

anterior 2/3

258
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

CNIX

259
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

CNVII and CNV3

260
Q

medical term for swallowing

A

deglutition

261
Q

this structure is lost in illness, giving a ‘sunken cheek’ appearance

A

buccal fat pad

262
Q

outline of the lips

A

vermilion border

263
Q

this muscle opens the jaw

A

lateral pterygoid

264
Q

these 3 muscles close the jaw

A

medial pterygoid, masseter, temporalis

265
Q

this muscle acts as a sphincter around the mouth

A

orbicularis oris

266
Q

this muscle assists in aligning a food bolus between dentition

A

buccinator

267
Q

part of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone

A

mandibular condyle

268
Q

part of the temporal bone that sits in front of the mandibular condyle

A

articular tubercle

269
Q

action of extrinsic tongue muscles

A

control movement of tongue around oral cavity

270
Q

action of intrinsic tongue muscles

A

change shape of tongue

271
Q

extrinsic tongue muscles

A

palatoglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus

272
Q

innervation of styloglossus, styloglossus and hyoglossus

A

CNXII

273
Q

innervation of palatoglossus

A

CNX

274
Q

intrinsic tongue muscles

A

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, horizontal, vertical

275
Q

muscles of the soft palate

A

palatoglossus, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, tensor vali palatini, levator vali palatini, superior pharyngeal constrictor

276
Q

innervation of tensor vali palatini

A

CNV3

277
Q

innervation of palatoglossus, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, levator vali palatini, superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

CNX

278
Q

aponeurosis between tensor vali palatini muscles

A

palatine aponeurosis

279
Q

hook-shaped bony process on medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

A

pterygoid hamulus

280
Q

action of palatoglossus

A

depresses soft palate towards tongue

281
Q

action of musculus uvulae

A

shortens uvula

282
Q

action of palatopharyngeus

A

elevates pharynx and depresses soft palate

283
Q

action of tensor vali palatini

A

tenses palatine aponeurosis

284
Q

action of levator vali palatini

A

lift palatine aponeurosis

285
Q

Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, from superior to inferior

A

pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil

286
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland

287
Q

sensory component of gag reflex

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue, palatine tonsils or wall of oropharynx, CNIX

288
Q

motor component of gag reflex

A

constrictors of pharynx and soft palate (CNX), longitudinal muscles of pharynx (CNIX-X), and tongue (CNXII)

289
Q

space in the side of the neck, from hyoid bone to base of skull

A

parapharyngeal space

290
Q

inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles

A

stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus

291
Q

outer circular layer of pharyngeal muscles

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

292
Q

insertion of longitudinal muscles

A

posterior border of thyroid cartilage

293
Q

insertion of circular muscles

A

midline raphe

294
Q

innervation of stylopharyngeus

A

CNIX

295
Q

innervation of circular muscles, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus

A

CNX

296
Q

innervation of muscles of voice

A

CNX

297
Q

action of cricothyroid muscle

A

tenses vocal ligament

298
Q

origin of cricothyroid muscle

A

anterolateral cricoid cartilage

299
Q

joint that cricothyroid muscle acts on

A

cricothyroid joint

300
Q

insertion of cricothyroid muscle

A

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

301
Q

action of thyroarytenoid muscle

A

relaxes vocal ligament

302
Q

joint that thyroarytenoid muscle acts on

A

cricoarytenoid joint

303
Q

origin of thyroarytenoid muscle

A

posterior thyroid

304
Q

insertion of thyroarytenoid muscle

A

anterior arytenoid cartilage

305
Q

action of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

A

adducts vocal ligaments

306
Q

joint that lateral cricoarytenoid muscle acts on

A

cricoarytenoid joint

307
Q

origin of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

A

muscular process of arytenoid

308
Q

insertion of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

A

anterior cricoid cartilage

309
Q

3 bands of arytenoid muscle

A

oblique (x2) and transverse

310
Q

action of arytenoid muscle

A

adducts vocal ligaments

311
Q

joint that arytenoid muscle acts on

A

cricoarytenoid joint

312
Q

origin of arytenoid muscle

A

ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage

313
Q

insertion of arytenoid muscle

A

contralateral cricoid cartilage

314
Q

action of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

A

abducts vocal cords

315
Q

joint that posterior cricoarytenoid muscle acts on

A

cricoarytenoid joint

316
Q

origin of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

A

posterior cricoid cartilage

317
Q

insertion of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

A

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

318
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

319
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

320
Q

5 modalities of CNX

A

somatic sensation, somatic motor, special sensation (taste), visceral sensation, visceral motor (latter 2 thorax/abdomen only)

321
Q

where does CNX leave CNS?

A

medulla oblongata

322
Q

what foramen does CNX pass through?

A

jugular foramen

323
Q

3 branches of CNX

A

superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal, pharyngeal

324
Q

where does CNX become vagal trunks?

A

posterior to root of lung hilum around oesophagus

325
Q

oral sounds

A

soft palate tenses (CNV3) and elevates (CNX) to close off nasopharynx

326
Q

nasal sounds

A

soft palate tenses (CNV3) and depresses (CNX) to close off oropharynx

ENT (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions