ENT Flashcards
Describe the composition of the outer ear
Outer 1/3 of ear canal is elastic cartilage (as a continuation of the pinna)
The canal is self cleansing via the epithelial escalator
Describe the composition of Ear Wax and 3 of it’s roles
Composed of epithelial cells, lysozymes and oily secretions
Cleaning, Acidic coating prevents microbial growth, Hydrophobic coat prevents water from reaching canal skin
Give 3 risk factors for Otitis Externa
Hot & Humid Climates
Swimming
Insufficient/Excess Wax
90% of Otitis Externa infections are bacterial, state two common organisms
Staphylococcus Aureus
Pseudomonas Auerginosa
What happens if the infective organism is Herpes Zoster Virus?
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Reactivates in ganglion causing facial paralysis, loss of taste, vestibulocochlear dysfuncton and ear pain
Give 3 non infective causes of Otitis Externa
Acne
Psoriasis
Hearing Aids
Give three classical symptoms of Otitis Externa
Pain
Itching
Hearing loss
What is Necrotising/Malignant Otitis Externa
Extension of the infection into mastoid and temporal bones, often in the immunocompromised
Headahce of great intensity
Facial nerve paralysis
When do you need to investigate Otitis Externa? And how would you?
Only if atypical/treatment failure
Ear swab from medial ear canal
How can you test the integrity of the Tympanic Membrane?
Can they taste something put in the ear?
Can they blow air out of their ears when nose is pinched?
How would you manage Otitis Externa?
Remove any debris if relevant
Mild - Acetic Acid
Moderate - Antibiotics (not aminoglycosides - OTOTOXIC) +/- steroids
Oral Fluclox if systemically unwell
Give three risk factors for Otitis Media
Smoking
Eustacian Tube Dysfunction
URTI
Give two causative organisms for Otitis Media
most commonly viral
Haemophilus Influenza
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Give a classical triad of Otitis Media
Otalgia
Hearing Loss
Fever
How would you manage Otitis Media?
Paracetamol/NSAIDs
Try to delay abx (unless systemic symptoms of complications - 5 days Amoxicillin)
If recurrent refer to ENT
delayed prescription for strep pneumoniae
What would make you suspect Nasopharyngeal Cancer?
Peristent Symptoms
Persistent Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Unilateral Epistaxis
What is Otitis Media with Effusion?
A subtype of Otitis Media resulting from either unresolved Otitis Media or non infective obstruction of eustacian tube
Give 3 risk factors for Otitis Media with Effusion
Chronic Allergy
Deviated Septum
Enlarged Tonsils
How does Otitis Media with Effusion present
Rarely Otalgia
Fullness
Pressure Popping
Imapired hearing
How would the tympanic membrane appear in Otitis Media with Effusion?
Retracted and Straw Coloured