Common GP Conditions Flashcards
What advice would you give a patient that you have diagnosed with the ‘common cold’?
Advise that the average length of illness is 10 days
Advise steam inhalation, vapour rubs, paracetamol/ibuprofen, intranasal decongestants
State the three different types of Urinary Tract Infections
Lower UTI - cystitis, prostatitis
Upper UTI - Pyelonephritis
Abacterial
State four features that would cause a UTI to be classed as ‘complicated’?
Structural Abnormality
Obstruction
Catheter
Renal Obstruction
Name two common causative organisms of UTI
E.Coli
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
Other than immunosupression, give four risk factors for UTI
Sex
Spermicide use
Menopause
Dehydration
State 4 symptoms of Cystitis
Frequency
Dysuria
Urgency
Haematuria
State 4 symptoms of Pyelonephritis
Fever
Rigors
Loin Pain
Vomiting
State 4 symptoms of Prostatitis
Pain (perineurium,rectum, penis)
Fever
Malaise
Urinary Symptoms
When do you investigate a UTI?
Non pregnant, under 65 and less than 3 symptoms
Pregnant Women
Men
Children
Do you treat Asymptomatic Bacteruria?
Not unless pregnant
How do you treat non pregnant Women with UTI?
Lower UTI - 3 Day course of Trimethoprim/Nitrofurantoin
Upper UTI - 7 Day course of Co-amoxiclav
How do you treat pregnant Women with UTI?
As long as not 3rd term
Nitrofurantoin/Cephalexin for 7 days
How do you treat Men with UTI?
Nitrofurantoin for 7 days
If Prostatitis then consider 4 weeks of Ciprofloxacin - penetrates Prostatic fluid well
What is Acute Bronchitis?
Short term inflammation of the Bronchi, usually a viral cause in origin
Give 4 features of Acute Bronchitis
Productive Cough
SOB
May have been preceded by URTI
Generally no systemic symptoms (might indicate Pneumonia)
What is Bronchiolitis?
Acute viral illness of Lower Respiratory Tract occurring primarily in the very young.
RSV responsible for 80%
Give four risk factors for Bronchiolitis, and one protective factor
Older Siblings, Nursery Attendance, Passive Smoking, Overcrowding
Breast Feeding is protective
Describe four features of presentation of Bronchiolitis
1-3 day history of coryzal symptoms
Persistent cough/chest recession/crackles
Fever
Poor feeding
If you suspected Bronchiolitis in a child, when would you refer to Secondary Care?
Apnoea Chest recession/grunting RR>70 02<92% Central Cyanosis
How would you manage Bronchiolitis?
Self Limtiing
Fluids and nutrition
Anti - pyretics if child is in distress
Acute Conjunctivitis can be Viral/Bacterial/Parasitic/Allergic in origin. Give an example of a causative organism of each
Viral - Adenovirus
Bacterial - Staphylococcus
Parasitic - Lyme Disease
Allergic - Seasonal
Give 3 causes of Chronic Conjunctivitis
Recurrent Infective
Chlamydia
Toxic Reaction
Give 2 symptoms of Conjunctivitis
Red eye with irritation/grittiness
Discharge
Give 2 signs of Conjunctivitis
Conjunctival Oedema
Dilated Conjunctival Vessels
What are Conjunctival Follicles?
White nodules on inferior eyelids
If preauricular lymph nodes are enlarged - Toxic or Molluscum Contagiosum in causation
If preauricular lymph nodes are not enlarged - HSV or Chlamydia
What are Conjunctival Papillae?
Red dots of varying size on inferior eyelids (Cobblestone)
Allergic/Bacterial in cause
How would you manage BACTERIAL Conjunctivitis?
Advise self limiting nature (shouldn’t last longer than 2 weeks)
Lubricant eye drops
Antibiotics - Chloramphenicol (not in pregnancy), Fusidic Acid
Chlamydia - topical tetracycline and oral doxycycline
Gonococcal - 1g IM Ceftriaxone
How would you manage VIRAL Conjunctivitis?
Supportive unless HSV (Topical Acyclovir)