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GK-PCS2 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of dacryoadenitis

A

clogged lacrimal duct

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2
Q

What are the 2 most common etiologies of dacryoadenitis?

A

Staph

GABHS

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3
Q

What is the MCC of viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus 3, 8, 19

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4
Q

MCC of bacterial conjunctivitis in non-neonates

A

staph aureus

strep pneumo

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5
Q

MCC of bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

A

gonococcal, chlamydia, HSV

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6
Q

What symptom will tell you that a neonate has bacterial conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia?

A

nontender preauricular lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

What is the MC etiology of Otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

CPx of Otitis Externa

A
  • pruritis
  • purulent discharge
  • pain with pinna and auricle movement
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9
Q

Tx of OE

A

ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone

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10
Q

What is the CPx of Sialolithiasis/Sialoadenitis?

A
  • increased saliva production
  • mouth swelling
  • pain worse with meals
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11
Q

Tx of Sialodenitis/Sialolithiasis

A

sialogogues like lemon drops that increase salivation

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12
Q

MCC of dental caries

A

Strep Mutans-refer to dentist

**supplement fluoride to protect against dental caries**

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13
Q

MCC of peritonsillar abscess

A

strep pyogenes

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14
Q

Cpx of peritonsillar abscess

A
  • hx of pharyngitis
  • sore throat + odynophagia
  • hot potato voice

- uvula displaced away from PTA

-

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15
Q

Tx of Peritonsillar Abscess

A

I & D + Penicillin

Medical emergency!!

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16
Q

CPx of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

A

sudden onset sensation of room spinning w/positional changes of the head, lasting seconds-minutes

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17
Q

How is dx of BPPV made?

A

Dix- Hallpike manuever:

with pt sitting up, turn head 45 degrees to one side, lie pt down with head overhanging the edge of the bed & look for nystagmus, repeat on contralateral side

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18
Q

Tx of BPPV

A

epley maneuver

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19
Q

“blood and thunder”

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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20
Q

Sxs of retinal vein occlusion

A

sudden, painless loss of vision

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21
Q

What will you see on PE (fundoscopic exam) of retinal vein occlusion?

A

dilated & tortuous retinal veins– MC presentation

cotton wool spots

diffuse intraretinal hemorrhages

swollen optic disk

retinal edema

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22
Q

Pt with retinal vein occlusion will usually have a hx of what two diseases?

A

HTN

T2DM

23
Q

Tx for perforated tympanic membrane

A

ofloxacin

24
Q

What ear drops should you avoid for a perforated typmanic membrane?

A

aminoglycosides (ototoxic)

25
Q

Signs/sxs of HSV 1 infection

A

Oral***

prodrome of pain/burning/tingling eruption of painful, grouped vesicles on erythematous base

26
Q

Tx of HSV 1 infection

A

anti-virals (virs)

27
Q

What do you see on Tzanck smear of HSV1 vesicles?

A

multinucleated giant cells

28
Q

CPx of Infectious Mononucleosis

A

fever, sore throat

posterior cervical LAD

splenomegaly

29
Q

Dx of infectious mono

A

monospot Ab test

30
Q

Cpx of orbital cellulitis

A

proptosis, pain, fever, increased IOP

restricted/painful eye movement

_**usually 2ry to sinus infections**_

31
Q

Workup for orbital cellulitis

A

orbital + sinus CT scan

32
Q

MCC of acute conjunctivitis

A

viral infection: serous/clear discharge

33
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Keratinized, desquamated collection of epithelial cells located in the middle ear

34
Q

What kind of hearing loss is associated with a cholesteatoma?

A

conductive hearing loss

35
Q

Sxs of acquired cholesteatoma

A

hx of chronic ear infections or tympanostomy tubes

c/o painless otorrhea

36
Q

What will cholesteatoma look like on PE?

A

yellow/white mass behind tympanic membrane

37
Q

CPx of macular degeneration

A

older pt

c/o b/l gradual, central field vision loss

38
Q

What will PE show in macular degeneration?

A

Drusen spots (atrophic changes and yellow retinal deposits)

39
Q

How is Dx of Macular degeneration made?

A

Amsler grid

40
Q

Cpx of pt with Pterygium?

A

Pt has hx of excessive sunlight exposure

c/o “something in the eye”

41
Q

What is 1st line tx of Group A strep?

A

Penicillin

42
Q

CPx of dacryo stenosis

A

newborn, c/o eye discharge

43
Q

What will Dacryostenosis PE show?

A

Large tear lake

overflow of years onto the cheek

presence of mucoid material in the canthi

44
Q

Tx for dacryostenosis

A

nasolacrimal massage 2-3 times daily & cleansing with warm water

45
Q

What will the hx of a pt with corneal ulcer be?

A

hx of trauma, incomplete closure or extended contact lens use

46
Q

PE of corneal ulcer

A

oval ulcer with ragged edges, severe conjunctival inflammation

47
Q

sudden hearling loss can occur during what procedure?

A

cerumen impaction removal

48
Q

Best initial mgmt of acute mastoiditis

A

CT scan

+

Empiric IV abx (vancomycin)

49
Q

CPx of acute mastoiditis

A

pain + swelling of post-auricular area

PE: tenderness w/palpation, warmth, erythema, swelling behind ear

forward displacement of external ear

fever

50
Q

typical cause of mastoiditis

A

untreated acute otitis media

51
Q

What causes acute painful loss of vision?

A

optic neuritis

52
Q

Optic Neuritis Cpx

A

sudden loss of monocular vision

pain w/movement of affected eye

loss of color (red) vision

Uhthoff phenomenon (transient worsening of vision w/increased body temperature)

53
Q

Optic Neuritis tx

A

IV corticosteroids

54
Q
A

GK-PCS2 (5 decks)

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