ENT

Question 1

what CN gives you sense of smell (olfaction)

Answer 1

CN 1 - the olfactory nerve

Question 2

what supples somatic sensory innervation for olfaction

Answer 2

top 1/2 of nose = CN V1 - ophthalmic division

bottom 1/2 of nose = CN V2 - maxillary division

Question 3

which artery does the maxillary and facial artery originate from

Answer 3

external carotid

Question 4

the ophthalmic artery is a branch of which artery

Answer 4

internal carotid

Question 5

what is kiesselbach’s area

Answer 5

a site of anastomoses between arterial contributions, it is the cause of nose bleeds

located anterioinferiorly on nasal septum

Question 6

what do conchae do

Answer 6

cause turbulent airflow through nasal cavity.

this increases the opportunity for humidifying, filtering and warming air

Question 7

what are each sinus lined by

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium

Question 8

what is the thinnest part of skull called

Answer 8

pterion

its an ‘H’ shaped suture between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone

Question 9

sensory nerve supply to the external surface of the tympanic membrane

Answer 9

CN V3 mostly

BUT

also some CNX (vagus!)

Question 10

sensory nerve supply to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

Answer 10

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 11

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory nerve supply to and why is this significant

Answer 11

middle ear cavity
Eustachian tube
naso and oro pharynx
tonsils

you can get referred pain from nasopharynx to middle ear
why tonsillitis and pharyngitis can cause earache

Question 12

what are the 3 bones of the middle ear

Answer 12

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 13

what are the 2 muscles of middle ear and what are they innervated by

Answer 13

stapedius - CN 7 (facial)

tensor tympani - CN V3

Question 14

what is the chorda tympani

Answer 14

a branch of the facial nerve

responsible for taste on the anterior 2/3rds of tongue

parasympathetic nerve supply to submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 15

innervation of stapedus muscle

Answer 15

chorda tympani

Question 16

what is the purpose of the stapedus muscle

Answer 16

reduces movement of stapes to protect internal ear from excessive noise

Question 17

where does octic capsule sit

Answer 17

in the temporal bone

Question 18

what does octic capsule contain inside

Answer 18

cochlea, semi circular canals and vestibule

Question 19

the semicircular canals are for balance. yes?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what part of the vestibular apparatus detects angular movement change

Answer 20

utricle (horizontal) and saccule (vertical)

Question 21

what nerve supples taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 21

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 22

what’s the innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Answer 22

CN 7 (facial)

Question 23

what’s the innervation of parotid salivary gland

Answer 23

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 24

innervation of the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 24

general sensory = CN V3 (mandibular)

taste = CN 7 (facial)

Question 25

innervation of posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 25

general sensory and taste = CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 26

what CN does sticking your tongue out test

Answer 26

CN 7 - facial nerve

the tongue will point towards the side of CN damage

Question 27

what is the innervation of all the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 27

the VAGUS nerve (CN10)

except the tensor veil palatine - CN V3

Question 28

what CN does asking px to say ‘AHHHH” test

Answer 28

CN10 - VAGUS nerve

in the case of nerve damage, uvula will be pulled AWAY from the damaged side by the functioning side

Question 29

what nerve are the muscles of the pharynx innervated by

Answer 29

CN10 - VAGUS nerve

except the stylopharyngeus - innervated by CN 9 - glossopharyngeal

Question 30

in a laryngoscopy/intubation, what structure is the blade pressed against

Answer 30

the vallecula

Question 31

what nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 31

the inferior laryngeal nerve - a branch of the vagus nerve

the recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes the inferior laryngeal nerve at the level of the cricothyroid joint

Question 32

which sinus is predisposed to infection

Answer 32

the maxillary sinus - the ostium is located superior to the cavity

this means the cilia must work against gravity to empty the sinus

Question 33

what nerve provides sensation to the sinuses

Answer 33

sensation is provided by CN V1 and V2

Question 34

what nerve conducts APs from the semicircular ducts to the brainstem?

Answer 34

the vestibular nerve

Question 35

where are both the cochlear duct and the semicircular duct located

Answer 35

within the membranous labyrinth

the membranous labyrinth is suspended within the bony labyrinth by perilymph

Question 36

what are semicircular canals and what are they filled with

Answer 36

they are interlinked ballon like structures within the semicircular canals

they are filled with ENDOLYMPH

Question 37

how long is the lifespan of a tastebud and how are they replaced

Answer 37

they have a lifespan of around 10 days

they are replaced from basal cells within the taste bud, which differentiate into taste buds

Question 38

where do the majority of taste buds sit

Answer 38

the papillae of the tongue

Question 39

name the 4 types of papillae

Answer 39

1. filiform
2. fungiform
3. vallate
4. follate

Question 40

which papillae is the only one not to contain taste buds

Answer 40

filiform

Question 41

which nerve allows afferent taste nerve fibres to reach brainstem

Answer 41

ant 2/3 of tongue - the chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

post 1/3 of tongue - glossopharyngeal

epiglottis and pharynx - vagus nerve

Question 42

main innervations of the pinna

Answer 42

facial nerve (CN VII) 
mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve