ENT

Question 1

What infections are common in ENT?

Answer 1

Epiglottitis
Tonsilitis
Sinusitis
Acute otitis media

Question 2

What are the common causal organisms of Epiglottitis?

Answer 2

Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococci

Question 3

Describe the gram stain of haemophilus influenzae

Answer 3

Gram -ve, coccobacilli

Question 4

Describe the gram stain of streptococci

Answer 4

Gram +ve cocci in chains

Question 5

What is the treatment for epiglottis ?

Answer 5

Ceftriaxone IV

Question 6

What is the commonest causal organism of tonsillitis?

Answer 6

Group A Streptococci

Question 7

Describe the gram stain and haemolysis of Group A Strep

Answer 7

Gram +ve cocci in chains
B-haemolytic

S. Pyogenes, agalactiae

Question 8

What is the treatment for tonsillitis?

Answer 8

Uncomplicated: avoid antibiotics

Unable to swallow: benzylpenicillin IV (If penicillin allergic clarithromycin IV)

Able to swallow: penicillin V oral
(If penicillin allergic doxycycline)

Question 9

What is the common causal organism of sinusitis?

Answer 9

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

Question 10

Describe the gram stain and haemolysis of pneumococcus?

Answer 10

Gram +ve diplococci

a haemolytic

Question 11

What is the treatment of rhino-sinusitis?

Answer 11

Uncomplicated: avoid antibiotics

Acute: Penicillin V oral (7 days
If penicillin allergic: doxycycline)

Question 12

What are the common causal organisms of acute otitis media?

Answer 12

Pneumococcus

Haemophilus Influenze

Question 13

Describe the gram stain of pneumococcus

Answer 13

Gram +ve alpha haemolytic in chains

Question 14

Describe the gram stain of haemophilus influenzae

Answer 14

Gram -ve coccobacilli

Question 15

What is the treatment of acute otitis medium?

Answer 15

resolves in 60% of cases in 24 hrs

consider antibiotics if <2 years and bilateral AOM or bulging membrane and marked multiple symptoms, or ottorhoea

First line: Amoxicillin (5 days) (penicillin allergy (clarithromycin)