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Year 2 anatomy > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proper name for your nostrils?

A

ALa

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2
Q

What is the name of the wee gutter above your lip?

A

Philtrum

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3
Q

What bone forms the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone

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4
Q

What seperates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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5
Q

What mucosa do you find in the nasal cavity?

A

in the nostrils - stratified squamous epithelium

Around the middle inferior conchea - Respiratory epithelium

At the top - Olfactory epithelium

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6
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for your sense of smell?

A

CN 1 olfactory nerve

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7
Q

How does the olfactory pathway work?

A

Receptor cells in the olfactory epihelium pass up through the cribriform plate

These synapse with the olfactory bulb

The neurons then pass along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe

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8
Q

What artery hooks under the jaw and supplies the cheeks and face?

A

Facial artery

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9
Q

Where does the facial artery come from?

A

External carotid artery

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10
Q

What is the nose bleed area called?

A

Kirsselbach’s area

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11
Q

What are the names of the conchae and what side of the nasal cavity are they?

A

Superior nasal concha

Middle nasal concha

Inferior nasal concha

all in the lateral wall

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12
Q

What are the spaces in the conchae called?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Superior meatus

Middle meatus

Inferior meatus

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13
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal sinuses

Ethmoidal air cells

Sphenoid sinus

Maxillary sinus

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14
Q

What lines the inside of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Thin respiratory epithelium

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15
Q

What drains into each of the meatus?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess - sphenoid sinus

Superior meatus - posterior ethmoidal air cells

Middle meatus- frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal air cells

Inferior meatus - Nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

How is lacrimal fluid circulated?

A

Lacrimal gland

Lacrimal sac

Nasolacrimal duct

Infecrior meatus

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17
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve

Vestibulocohlear nerve

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18
Q

What glands produce earwax?

A

Ceruminous glands

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19
Q

What suppies the outside of the ear?

A

C2 and C3 spinal nerves

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20
Q

Wbt supplies the inner part of the ear?

A

Trigeminal nerve and vagus nerve

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21
Q

Where does the auricle lymphatic drainage eventually drain in to?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes in the carotid sheath

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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23
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation too?

A

Middle ear

Eustachian tube

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Tonsils

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24
Q

What are the 3 bones of the middle ear ( in order)

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

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25
What are the two muscles in the middle ear?
Stapedius muscle Tensor tympani muscle
26
What is the fancy name for the middle ear?
Tympanic cavity
27
What is the roof of the tympanic cavity also known as?
Epitympanic recess
28
What nerve runs straight through the tympanic cavity ( posterior to anterior)?
Chorda tympani
29
What does the chorda tympani do and what nerve is it a branch off?
taste buds fo the anterior 2/3rs of the tongue parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands facial
30
Which nerves are responbile for taste?
anterior 2/3 Facial nerve via chorda tympani posterior third - Glossopharyngeal All other - vagus nerve
31
What are the five primary tastes?
Salty sour Sweet Bitter Unami
32
What is ageusia?
Loss of taste
33
What are the two openings of the inner ear to the middle ear?
Oval and round window
34
Where does sound enter and leave the inner ear?
enters oval window leaves round window
35
What is the name of the membrane which vibrates in the cochlea?
Basilar membrane
36
How many turns are in the cochlea?
2 and 1/2
37
What are the names of the three semi circular canals?
Superior Posterior Lateral
38
What nerve suplies the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
39
What foramen does the trigeminal nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale
40
What nerve supplies the sublingual and submandibulary salivary glands?
Facial nerve
41
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Elevators of the lips Orbicularis oris
42
What are the two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Cochlear nerve Vestibular nerve
43
What fluid fills the otic capsule?
Filled with perilymph
44
What are the semicircular and cochlear ducts?
Balloon like structures filled with endolymph which sit inside the labyrinths
45
What are the 4 parts of the vestibular apparatus?
46
What do the saccule and utricle do?
Utricle detects movement in the horizontal plane Saccule detects movement in the vertical
47
What are the receptor cells which detect auditory stimuli called?
organ of corti
48
What foramen does the vestbulocochlear nerve pass through to reach the brain?
Internal acoustic meatus
49
What is the name of the space between the teeth and the lips?
The oral vestibule
50
What is the string tethering the tounge called?
Frenulum
51
What musscles make up the floor of the mouth
Geniohyoid (superior) Mylohyoid (inferior)
52
Where does the parotid galand secrete saliva?
Upper 2nd molar
53
What is the nerve supply to each salivary gland?
Parotid- glossopharyngeal (IX) Sublingual- facial nerve (VII) Submandibular - facial nerve (VII)
54
What is the nerve supply for the anterior 2/3rds of the tounge?
Taste - facial nerve General sensory - Trigeminal
55
What is the nerve supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tounge
Taste and general sensory by Glossopharyngeal nerve
56
What are the four muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
57
Where does the hypoglossal nerve enter the brain?
Foramen magnum
58
How do you test the hypoglossal nerve?
Ask the patient to stick their tongue out, The tip of the tounge will point to the injured side
59
What nerve supplies the skeletal muscles of the soft palate?
vagus nerve
60
How can you test the vagus nerve?
Ask the patient to say "Aaaah" uvula swings away from the damaged side
61
What innervates the muscles of the pharynx?
All are innervated by CN X
62
What are the two cartilages that make up the adams apple?
Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage
63
Between which vertabrle levels is the larynx
C4 and C6
64
At what vertable level is the hyoid bone?
C3
65
Explain the concept of "Circoid pressure"
Press on the circoid cartilage to compress the oesophagus. This prevents regurgitation and keeps the airway open
66
What is the false vocal cord?
The vestibular fold
67
What is the rima glottis ?
The space between the true vocal cords
68
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Inferior laryngeal nerve
69
What supplies the mucosa above the vocal folds and what supplies the mucosa below the vocal folds?
Above - Internal laryngeal nerve Below - Inferior laryngeal nerve
70
Where does the inferior laryngeal nerve come from?
Comes from the recurrent laryngeal nerve
71
What is the nerve supply to the nose?
Top bit - CN V1 anterior ethmoidal nerve Lower bit- CN V2 nasoplantine nerve
72
What is the arterial supply to the nose
Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal artery at the top Sphenopalatine artery in the middle Greater palatine artery from below
73
What supplies the tensor tympani muscle?
CN V3
74
What supplies the stapedius muscle?
CN VII - Facial
75
How does the facial nerve travel through the middle ear cavity?
From the internal acoustic meatus through the facial cannal out the sylomastoid foramen
76
What supplies the muscles of the tounge?
Hypoglossal nerve
77
what does the circothyoid muscle do?
increases pitch
78
Who do the thyroidaretenoid muscles do?
Lower pitch
79
What do the circoarytenoid muscles do?
lower volume
80
What do arytenoid muscles do?
Lower volume
81

Year 2 anatomy (5 decks)

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