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Year 2 anatomy > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proper name for your nostrils?

A

ALa

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2
Q

What is the name of the wee gutter above your lip?

A

Philtrum

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3
Q

What bone forms the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone

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4
Q

What seperates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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5
Q

What mucosa do you find in the nasal cavity?

A

in the nostrils - stratified squamous epithelium

Around the middle inferior conchea - Respiratory epithelium

At the top - Olfactory epithelium

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6
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for your sense of smell?

A

CN 1 olfactory nerve

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7
Q

How does the olfactory pathway work?

A

Receptor cells in the olfactory epihelium pass up through the cribriform plate

These synapse with the olfactory bulb

The neurons then pass along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe

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8
Q

What artery hooks under the jaw and supplies the cheeks and face?

A

Facial artery

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9
Q

Where does the facial artery come from?

A

External carotid artery

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10
Q

What is the nose bleed area called?

A

Kirsselbach’s area

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11
Q

What are the names of the conchae and what side of the nasal cavity are they?

A

Superior nasal concha

Middle nasal concha

Inferior nasal concha

all in the lateral wall

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12
Q

What are the spaces in the conchae called?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Superior meatus

Middle meatus

Inferior meatus

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13
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal sinuses

Ethmoidal air cells

Sphenoid sinus

Maxillary sinus

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14
Q

What lines the inside of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Thin respiratory epithelium

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15
Q

What drains into each of the meatus?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess - sphenoid sinus

Superior meatus - posterior ethmoidal air cells

Middle meatus- frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal air cells

Inferior meatus - Nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

How is lacrimal fluid circulated?

A

Lacrimal gland

Lacrimal sac

Nasolacrimal duct

Infecrior meatus

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17
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve

Vestibulocohlear nerve

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18
Q

What glands produce earwax?

A

Ceruminous glands

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19
Q

What suppies the outside of the ear?

A

C2 and C3 spinal nerves

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20
Q

Wbt supplies the inner part of the ear?

A

Trigeminal nerve and vagus nerve

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21
Q

Where does the auricle lymphatic drainage eventually drain in to?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes in the carotid sheath

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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23
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation too?

A

Middle ear

Eustachian tube

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Tonsils

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24
Q

What are the 3 bones of the middle ear ( in order)

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

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25
Q

What are the two muscles in the middle ear?

A

Stapedius muscle

Tensor tympani muscle

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26
Q

What is the fancy name for the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity

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27
Q

What is the roof of the tympanic cavity also known as?

A

Epitympanic recess

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28
Q

What nerve runs straight through the tympanic cavity ( posterior to anterior)?

A

Chorda tympani

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29
Q

What does the chorda tympani do and what nerve is it a branch off?

A

taste buds fo the anterior 2/3rs of the tongue

parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

facial

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30
Q

Which nerves are responbile for taste?

A

anterior 2/3 Facial nerve via chorda tympani

posterior third - Glossopharyngeal

All other - vagus nerve

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31
Q

What are the five primary tastes?

A

Salty

sour

Sweet

Bitter
Unami

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32
Q

What is ageusia?

A

Loss of taste

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33
Q

What are the two openings of the inner ear to the middle ear?

A

Oval and round window

34
Q

Where does sound enter and leave the inner ear?

A

enters oval window

leaves round window

35
Q

What is the name of the membrane which vibrates in the cochlea?

A

Basilar membrane

36
Q

How many turns are in the cochlea?

A

2 and 1/2

37
Q

What are the names of the three semi circular canals?

A

Superior

Posterior
Lateral

38
Q

What nerve suplies the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve

39
Q

What foramen does the trigeminal nerve pass through?

A

Foramen ovale

40
Q

What nerve supplies the sublingual and submandibulary salivary glands?

A

Facial nerve

41
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression?

A

Frontalis

Orbicularis oculi

Elevators of the lips

Orbicularis oris

42
Q

What are the two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Cochlear nerve

Vestibular nerve

43
Q

What fluid fills the otic capsule?

A

Filled with perilymph

44
Q

What are the semicircular and cochlear ducts?

A

Balloon like structures filled with endolymph which sit inside the labyrinths

45
Q

What are the 4 parts of the vestibular apparatus?

A
46
Q

What do the saccule and utricle do?

A

Utricle detects movement in the horizontal plane

Saccule detects movement in the vertical

47
Q

What are the receptor cells which detect auditory stimuli called?

A

organ of corti

48
Q

What foramen does the vestbulocochlear nerve pass through to reach the brain?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

49
Q

What is the name of the space between the teeth and the lips?

A

The oral vestibule

50
Q

What is the string tethering the tounge called?

A

Frenulum

51
Q

What musscles make up the floor of the mouth

A

Geniohyoid (superior)

Mylohyoid (inferior)

52
Q

Where does the parotid galand secrete saliva?

A

Upper 2nd molar

53
Q

What is the nerve supply to each salivary gland?

A

Parotid- glossopharyngeal (IX)

Sublingual- facial nerve (VII)

Submandibular - facial nerve (VII)

54
Q

What is the nerve supply for the anterior 2/3rds of the tounge?

A

Taste - facial nerve

General sensory - Trigeminal

55
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tounge

A

Taste and general sensory by Glossopharyngeal nerve

56
Q

What are the four muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

57
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve enter the brain?

A

Foramen magnum

58
Q

How do you test the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Ask the patient to stick their tongue out,

The tip of the tounge will point to the injured side

59
Q

What nerve supplies the skeletal muscles of the soft palate?

A

vagus nerve

60
Q

How can you test the vagus nerve?

A

Ask the patient to say “Aaaah”

uvula swings away from the damaged side

61
Q

What innervates the muscles of the pharynx?

A

All are innervated by CN X

62
Q

What are the two cartilages that make up the adams apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

63
Q

Between which vertabrle levels is the larynx

A

C4 and C6

64
Q

At what vertable level is the hyoid bone?

A

C3

65
Q

Explain the concept of “Circoid pressure”

A

Press on the circoid cartilage to compress the oesophagus.

This prevents regurgitation and keeps the airway open

66
Q

What is the false vocal cord?

A

The vestibular fold

67
Q

What is the rima glottis ?

A

The space between the true vocal cords

68
Q

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

69
Q

What supplies the mucosa above the vocal folds and what supplies the mucosa below the vocal folds?

A

Above - Internal laryngeal nerve

Below - Inferior laryngeal nerve

70
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal nerve come from?

A

Comes from the recurrent laryngeal nerve

71
Q

What is the nerve supply to the nose?

A

Top bit - CN V1 anterior ethmoidal nerve

Lower bit- CN V2 nasoplantine nerve

72
Q

What is the arterial supply to the nose

A

Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal artery at the top

Sphenopalatine artery in the middle

Greater palatine artery from below

73
Q

What supplies the tensor tympani muscle?

A

CN V3

74
Q

What supplies the stapedius muscle?

A

CN VII - Facial

75
Q

How does the facial nerve travel through the middle ear cavity?

A

From the internal acoustic meatus

through the facial cannal

out the sylomastoid foramen

76
Q

What supplies the muscles of the tounge?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

77
Q

what does the circothyoid muscle do?

A

increases pitch

78
Q

Who do the thyroidaretenoid muscles do?

A

Lower pitch

79
Q

What do the circoarytenoid muscles do?

A

lower volume

80
Q

What do arytenoid muscles do?

A

Lower volume

81
Q
A

Year 2 anatomy (5 decks)

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