ENT

Question 1

What’s an epidermoid cyst?

Answer 1

common cutaneous cysts that result from the proliferation of epidermal cells within a circumscribed space of the dermis. They can occur at any age and are typically asymptomatic. On physical examination they are typically firm, round nodules of various sizes and a central punctum may be present.

Question 2

What’s a cystic hygroma?

Answer 2

congenital lymphatic lesions that are typically found in the neck and axilla region with a predilection for the left side. The majority present by 2 years of age. On physical examination, cystic hygromas are often soft, painless and transilluminate brightly.

Question 3

What’s a branchial cleft cyst?

Answer 3

congenital epithelial cysts that develop due to failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft in embryonic development. They typically present by early adulthood. On physical examination, they are typically smooth, painless, and do not transilluminate.

Question 4

what is normal hearing on an audiogram

Answer 4

anything above the 20dB line is essentially normal

Question 5

Ototoxic medicines?

Answer 5

gentamicin, quinine, furosemide, aspirin and some chemotherapy agents.

Question 6

NICE indications for antibiotics for sore throat

Answer 6

features of marked systemic upset secondary to the acute sore throat
unilateral peritonsillitis
a history of rheumatic fever
an increased risk from acute infection (such as a child with diabetes mellitus or immunodeficiency)
patients with acute sore throat/acute pharyngitis/acute tonsillitis when 3 or more Centor criteria are present

Question 7

Commonest subtype of thyroid cancer

Answer 7

papillary

Question 8

Best drugs for motion sickness

Answer 8

hyoscine > cyclizine > promethazine

Question 9

Treatment for menieres

Answer 9

Betahistine might help prevent. Prochlorperazine (buccal or IM) for attacks