ENT

Question 1

Spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 1

Neuromuscular disorder.
• Spasm of vocal muscles during speech with focal dysphonia.
• Mx : Botulinum toxin injection.
1. Adductor spasm (M/c) → Strained voice (Injection to Thyroarytenoid).
2. Abductor spasm → Breathy, whispery voice → Injection to Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 2

Young’s syndrome

Answer 2

Triad : Chronic sinusitis + Bronchiectasis + Infertility
(Obstructive azoospermia)

Question 3

Nerves passing through jugular foramen

Answer 3

CN IX,X,XI

Question 4

Structures passing through sinus of morgagni

Answer 4

Sinus of Morgagni : B/w base of skull & superior constrictor. Mnemonic : TAALA
• Tensor veli palatini
• Ascending palatine artery
• Ascending pharyngeal artery
• Levator veli palatini
• Auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

Question 5

Structures passing B/w superior & middle
constrictor

Answer 5

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
Stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 6

Structures passing B/w middle & inferior
constrictor

Answer 6

Internal branch of superior
laryngeal nerve (Branch of CN X)

Question 7

Structures passing B/w inferior constrictor
& esophagus

Answer 7

Recurrent laryngeal nerve
(Branch of CN X)

Question 8

Trotter’s triad:

Answer 8

1. Mandibular neuralgia
2. Palatal palsy.
3. Conductive hearing loss d/t SOM.