ENT

Question 1

Severe - profound deafness is described as

Answer 1

Only hearing sounds greater than 80 db HL on two or more frequencies (. 500,1000,2000,3000,4000) without hearing aids.

Question 2

Eligibility for cochlear implant in children and adults

Answer 2

Children : audiology assessment and inability to develop basic auditory skills
Adult : trial and failure of hearing aids for at least 3 months

Question 3

complication of cochlear implant

Answer 3

infections, facial nerve paralysis , meningitis and CSF leak ,

Question 4

what vaccinations are mandatory before considering cochlear implant

Answer 4

H.infleunza and streptococcus

Question 5

contraindications to cochlear implants

Answer 5

cranial nerve 8 lesion
brain stem lesion
tympanic membrane perforation
mastoid cavity infection
chronic infective otitis media

Question 6

average age of onset for BPPV

Answer 6

55

Question 7

samters triad

Answer 7

combination of nasal polyps,aspirin sensitivity and asthma

Question 8

most common cause of hearing loss in children

Answer 8

glue ear/otitis media with effusion

Question 9

what type of hearing loss occurs after trauma to skull

Answer 9

Tympanic membrane perforation so conductive hearing loss

Question 10

what type of Hearing loss occurs from base of skull fracture

Answer 10

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 11

Drug causes of gingival hyperplasia

Answer 11

phenytoin
ciclosporin
calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine)

Question 12

positive Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre finding

Answer 12

Rotatory nystagmus

Question 13

Mx of black hairy tongue

Answer 13

tongue scraping to r/o candida , if positive give anti fungal topically

Question 14

oral decongestant important drug interaction?

Answer 14

contraindicated with MAOI -causes hypertensive crises

Question 15

2ww referral to oral surgery indications

Answer 15

1.unexplained oral ulcer for 3 weeks
2.red or white patch in oral cavity
3.unexplained unilateral head and neck symptoms with ear involved but otoscope normal for 4 weeks
4. unexplained neck lump for 3-6 weeks
5.unexplained persistent sore throat
6.signs and symptoms of oral cavity for 6 weeks.

Question 16

indication for imaging in patient with tinnitus

Answer 16

unilateral pulsatile tinnitus needs imaging as could be underlying vascular cause - needs MRA

Question 17

aphthous ulcer prevalence

Answer 17

common in women, non smokers, under 40, high socioeconomic status
famiy hx positive in 40%