ENT

Question 1

press on tragus and hurts
wheres the infection

Answer 1

otitis externa
becasue all that outsdie skin is connected so if press on it will affect the skin of the outer ear

Question 2

what does white on the typmanic membrane l=mean

Answer 2

tympanic sclerosis
prob had ear infectins when younger
not harmful

Question 3

how do you know where the bone and the cartilage parts of the external acosutic meatus start and end

Answer 3

outer 1/3 cartilage and has hairs on
inner 2/3 is thin skin over and is bone- temporal bone

Question 4

where can the facial nerve be found in relation to the ear

Answer 4

in the middle ear- so if have OM and lots of fluid and pressure then can press on the facial nerve and cause facial nerve palsy - may then open the membrane to allow pressure to be released off nerve

Question 5

when may a patient have a fungal ear infection

Answer 5

after having a bacterial infection and having abx to treat it then fungus can then groq and get a secodnary ear infection

Question 6

how do you hold an ototscope

Answer 6

like a pencil and then pull ear up and out- should see the malleous through the memnrane - the white bit that sticks out bit more obvious

Question 7

child ingested something on xr shoes double halo sign

Answer 7

button battery ingested- emergency. can casue necrosi of tissue around it

Question 8

child cough -xray shoes cervical spine tall and straignt suggest

Answer 8

may have something stuck in it eg. fish bone

Question 9

ENT screening symptoms : otology qu

Answer 9

otorrhoea
hearing loss
dizzines
tinnitus
otalgia
cranial nerves

Question 10

ENT screening qu for rhinology

Answer 10

rhinorrhoea
PND
epistaxis
nasal blockage
ansomnia
facial pain (facial nerve in ear)
deformitiy
cranial nerves

Question 11

ENT screening qu for head and neck

Answer 11

dysphagia
odynophagia
hoarse voice
refered otaliga
neck lump
diff n breathing
cranial nerves

Question 12

types of otorrhoea

Answer 12

wax
infcted discharge
blood- trauma/ neoplasia
csf leak- trauma

Question 13

what happens if a foreign body gets in the airway

Answer 13

hx of lots of coughing
may then if child be then fine
but as they breathe in air gets passed the object but then breathe out and air cant get passed so air trapping so lungs hyper inflatted on side of object- ccan have it so that no air gets in so deflated lung on that side too

Question 14

whats stridor

Answer 14

high pitched airwat noise associated with tubrulent ariflow= laryngeal obstruction

Question 15

inspiratory sound stridor due to

Answer 15

larynx

Question 16

expiratory wheee due to

Answer 16

lower airwats

Question 17

biphasic noises on breathing due to

Answer 17

trachea

Question 18

treat stridor

Answer 18

maintain airway
oz
adrenaline nebulsiers 1:1000
steorids
anesthetist
ent
secure airway

Question 19

casues of obstructive sleep apnoea in children

Answer 19

obesity
large tonsil - can have removed if this issue
large adenoids
neruomusclar disorders

Question 20

stridor casues

Answer 20

congenital
infection - epiglottis, croup, retrooharyngeal abscess, largyngeal paippilloma
forgeign body
prolonged intubation
tumours
subglottic pathology- haemangioma

Question 21

casues of epiglottis

Answer 21

childrne- H. inflenza B
adults- lots resp pathogens

Question 22

whats laryngomalacia

Answer 22

floppiness of supraglottic tissue
afffects breating/feeding - can be at birth or present 6 weeks later when eg. angry so breathing lots

self limiting in most but can need surgery if failure to thrive or have cyanotic spells

Question 23

smallest part of upper part in adults and children

Answer 23

vocal cords =adult
cricoid and subglttis = childrne

Question 24

casues of laryngela papillomatosis

Answer 24

= benign tumours along aerodigestive tract
HPV virus

rx= surgery = laser
antivirals etc

Question 25

treat haemangiomas

Answer 25

propanolol for vascualr tumour type

Question 26

casues of neck masses in neotatal , children, adults

Answer 26

neonates= congential --> infective--> neoplastic children= infective= reactive cervical lymphadenopathy usually adult= neoplastic-> infective

Question 27

have white edged black circle in brain and the patient has an ear infection what cou,d this be in brain

Answer 27

brain abscess infection in ear/ sinuses can travel into the brain and caus intracranial complications

Question 28

wax seen in the pars flaccida/attic of the ear

Answer 28

cholesteatoma unless proven otherwise

Question 29

bubbles in the TM brown TM

Answer 29

glue ear

Question 30

see a black or blue TM

Answer 30

haemotypanum trauma to the head or ear and bleed into the middle ear

Question 31

perichondiritis

Answer 31

then becomes cualiflower ear can be caused due to trauma (rugby/ boxing and then infected) high ear peircing

Question 32

diabetic patient with severe otlagia suspect hwat

Answer 32

necrotising otitis externa diabetic pt with a chronic ear infection caused by psuedomonas

Question 33

chronic ear infection caused by what bactieria

Answer 33

psuedomonas

Question 34

cold water swimmer/surfer has buldges in ear canal

Answer 34

exostoses = multiple bony ear canal reaction to cold water

Question 35

one bony lump in ear canal

Answer 35

osteoma

Question 36

young boy with smelly nasal discharge

Answer 36

forgin body unless proven otherwise

Question 37

difference between polyp and turbinate

Answer 37

inferior turbinate= on the side red smooth with the side of the nose polyp= greyer and come from the top

Question 38

samters triad nasal polyps

Answer 38

senstivity to aspirin asthma inflammatory nasal polyp

Question 39

buldge on both sides of the inside of the nose

Answer 39

septal haematoma total nassal blockage treat with surgical drainage otherwise septal necrosis

Question 40

how long wait for patient who smokes and has hoarse voice before putting on 2ww cancer referal

Answer 40

3weeks max wait = gives time to see if not just laryngitits

Question 41

most common cancer in head and neck

Answer 41

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 42

difference between BCC and SCC

Answer 42

SCC= more ulcer like. hyperkarototic lesion with rusting and ulceration BCC= new blood vessles and less likley to look like ulcxer. rolled border. shiny pearly papule/nodule

Question 43

cause of chronic otitis media

Answer 43

pasudomonas

Question 44

cause of Acute otitis media

Answer 44

resp pathogens= haeophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 45

conductive hearing loss after punch to sid eof head due to what

Answer 45

TM perforaation = common complication of trauma to skull

Question 46

trauma to skull --> hearing loss conudctive then casue is: sensorineural then cause is;

Answer 46

Tympanic membrane perforation is a relatively common complication of trauma to the skull= conductive hearing loss It is important to distinguish this from sensorineural hearing loss resulting from a base of skull fracture.