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Pharmacology > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

press on tragus and hurts
wheres the infection

A

otitis externa
becasue all that outsdie skin is connected so if press on it will affect the skin of the outer ear

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2
Q

what does white on the typmanic membrane l=mean

A

tympanic sclerosis
prob had ear infectins when younger
not harmful

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3
Q

how do you know where the bone and the cartilage parts of the external acosutic meatus start and end

A

outer 1/3 cartilage and has hairs on
inner 2/3 is thin skin over and is bone- temporal bone

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4
Q

where can the facial nerve be found in relation to the ear

A

in the middle ear- so if have OM and lots of fluid and pressure then can press on the facial nerve and cause facial nerve palsy - may then open the membrane to allow pressure to be released off nerve

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5
Q

when may a patient have a fungal ear infection

A

after having a bacterial infection and having abx to treat it then fungus can then groq and get a secodnary ear infection

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6
Q

how do you hold an ototscope

A

like a pencil and then pull ear up and out- should see the malleous through the memnrane - the white bit that sticks out bit more obvious

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7
Q

child ingested something on xr shoes double halo sign

A

button battery ingested- emergency. can casue necrosi of tissue around it

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8
Q

child cough -xray shoes cervical spine tall and straignt suggest

A

may have something stuck in it eg. fish bone

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9
Q

ENT screening symptoms : otology qu

A

otorrhoea
hearing loss
dizzines
tinnitus
otalgia
cranial nerves

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10
Q

ENT screening qu for rhinology

A

rhinorrhoea
PND
epistaxis
nasal blockage
ansomnia
facial pain (facial nerve in ear)
deformitiy
cranial nerves

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11
Q

ENT screening qu for head and neck

A

dysphagia
odynophagia
hoarse voice
refered otaliga
neck lump
diff n breathing
cranial nerves

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12
Q

types of otorrhoea

A

wax
infcted discharge
blood- trauma/ neoplasia
csf leak- trauma

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13
Q

what happens if a foreign body gets in the airway

A

hx of lots of coughing
may then if child be then fine
but as they breathe in air gets passed the object but then breathe out and air cant get passed so air trapping so lungs hyper inflatted on side of object- ccan have it so that no air gets in so deflated lung on that side too

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14
Q

whats stridor

A

high pitched airwat noise associated with tubrulent ariflow= laryngeal obstruction

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15
Q

inspiratory sound stridor due to

A

larynx

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16
Q

expiratory wheee due to

A

lower airwats

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17
Q

biphasic noises on breathing due to

A

trachea

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18
Q

treat stridor

A

maintain airway
oz
adrenaline nebulsiers 1:1000
steorids
anesthetist
ent
secure airway

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19
Q

casues of obstructive sleep apnoea in children

A

obesity
large tonsil - can have removed if this issue
large adenoids
neruomusclar disorders

20
Q

stridor casues

A

congenital
infection - epiglottis, croup, retrooharyngeal abscess, largyngeal paippilloma
forgeign body
prolonged intubation
tumours
subglottic pathology- haemangioma

21
Q

casues of epiglottis

A

childrne- H. inflenza B
adults- lots resp pathogens

22
Q

whats laryngomalacia

A

floppiness of supraglottic tissue
afffects breating/feeding - can be at birth or present 6 weeks later when eg. angry so breathing lots

self limiting in most but can need surgery if failure to thrive or have cyanotic spells

23
Q

smallest part of upper part in adults and children

A

vocal cords =adult
cricoid and subglttis = childrne

24
Q

casues of laryngela papillomatosis

A

= benign tumours along aerodigestive tract
HPV virus

rx= surgery = laser
antivirals etc

25
Q

treat haemangiomas

A

propanolol for vascualr tumour type

26
Q

casues of neck masses in neotatal , children, adults

A

neonates= congential –> infective–> neoplastic
children= infective= reactive cervical lymphadenopathy usually
adult= neoplastic-> infective

27
Q

have white edged black circle in brain and the patient has an ear infection what cou,d this be in brain

A

brain abscess
infection in ear/ sinuses can travel into the brain and caus intracranial complications

28
Q

wax seen in the pars flaccida/attic of the ear

A

cholesteatoma unless proven otherwise

29
Q

bubbles in the TM
brown TM

A

glue ear

30
Q

see a black or blue TM

A

haemotypanum
trauma to the head or ear and bleed into the middle ear

31
Q

perichondiritis

A

then becomes cualiflower ear
can be caused due to trauma (rugby/ boxing and then infected)
high ear peircing

32
Q

diabetic patient with severe otlagia suspect hwat

A

necrotising otitis externa
diabetic pt with a chronic ear infection caused by psuedomonas

33
Q

chronic ear infection caused by what bactieria

A

psuedomonas

34
Q

cold water swimmer/surfer has buldges in ear canal

A

exostoses = multiple bony ear canal reaction to cold water

35
Q

one bony lump in ear canal

A

osteoma

36
Q

young boy with smelly nasal discharge

A

forgin body unless proven otherwise

37
Q

difference between polyp and turbinate

A

inferior turbinate= on the side
red
smooth with the side of the nose

polyp= greyer and come from the top

38
Q

samters triad nasal polyps

A

senstivity to aspirin
asthma
inflammatory nasal polyp

39
Q

buldge on both sides of the inside of the nose

A

septal haematoma
total nassal blockage
treat with surgical drainage otherwise septal necrosis

40
Q

how long wait for patient who smokes and has hoarse voice before putting on 2ww cancer referal

A

3weeks max wait = gives time to see if not just laryngitits

41
Q

most common cancer in head and neck

A

squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

difference between BCC and SCC

A

SCC= more ulcer like. hyperkarototic lesion with rusting and ulceration
BCC= new blood vessles and less likley to look like ulcxer. rolled border. shiny pearly papule/nodule

43
Q

cause of chronic otitis media

A

pasudomonas

44
Q

cause of Acute otitis media

A

resp pathogens= haeophilus influenzae
streptococcus pneumoniae

45
Q

conductive hearing loss after punch to sid eof head due to what

A

TM perforaation = common complication of trauma to skull

46
Q

trauma to skull –> hearing loss
conudctive then casue is:
sensorineural then cause is;

A

Tympanic membrane perforation is a relatively common complication of trauma to the skull= conductive hearing loss
It is important to distinguish this from sensorineural hearing loss resulting from a base of skull fracture.

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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