ENT

Question 1

describe the steps of an ear examination

Answer 1

whisper test; 68, 62, 100, 200
rinne’s test
weber’s test
inspection; hearing aid, cochlear implant, pinna, structural abnormalities, skin lesion, surgical scars
palpation; pinna, lymph nodes
pull pinna upwards and outwards
insert auroscope; normal, inflamed, debris/wax

Question 2

describe Rinne’s and weber’s tests

Answer 2

strike the tuning fork and place it on the mastoid process
when they can no longer hear it, place it in front of the external meatus
Rinne’s negative; conductive deafness, complete sensorineural deafness

place the tuning fork on the patients forehead
unilateral conductive deafness; heard loudest in that ear

Question 3

how do you describe a lymph node?

Answer 3

site
shape
size; abnormal >1cm
temperature
tenderness; acute inflammation or infection
tethering; fixed to underlying structures indicate malignancy
colour
consistency; hard, firm, soft
contour

always compare sides
always examine abdomen after a lymph node exam; splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, para-aortic nodes, potential masses

Question 4

describe the steps of a lymph node examination

Answer 4

neck;
inspection
palpation;
submental; below the chin
submandibular; below the angle of the jaw
parotid; posterior to the angle of the jaw
preauricular; in front of the tragus
post auricular; behind the tragus
occipital; posterior aspect of the head
anterior cervical; relax shoulders, anterior border of sternomastoid
supraclavicular; shrug shoulders
posterior cervical; posterior border of sternomastoid

axillary;
inspection
palpation; central/apex, lateral, pectoral, infraclavicular, subscapular

inguinal; patient position, palpation

Question 5

what symptoms are associated with nose problems?

Answer 5

blockage; enlarged inferior turbinates from allergic rhinitis, diurnal change
nasal congestion
smell and taste; cachosmia, phantosmia, dysomia
nasal discharge
postnasal drip
facial pain

Question 6

describe the inspection section of a nose examination

Answer 6

scars
skin lesions
discharge
straight nose
supra tip depression

Question 7

describe the nasal cavity examination

Answer 7

using auroscope
patient breathes through mouth
tip of nose elevated
speculum inserted to see past hairs
position of auroscope controlled by digit elevating tip of nose

Question 8

what are the abnormal findings of a nasal cavity examination?

Answer 8

nasal polyps
deviated nasal septum
septal perforation
rhinitis