Enlightenment Test

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

The division and sharing of power between the national and state governments.

Question 2

Limited Government

Answer 2

Governmental power is restricted by law to protect individual rights and freedoms.

Question 3

Majority Rule

Answer 3

A system within the goveremnt which the decision of more than half the people is accepted by all.

Question 4

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 4

Consent of the people. The idea that government is authorized by citizens, All political power is vested in and derived from the people.

Question 5

Checks and Balances

Answer 5

Balnce power, each branch of a government watches over the other branchs to prevent any one branch from having too much power.

Question 6

Separation of powers

Answer 6

Legislative branch-Makes laws, congress
Executive branch-veto laws, president
Judaical brach-enforces the laws, Court

Question 7

Individual Rights

Answer 7

Rights that are given from birth, and gov cant deny them. These rights are often guaranteed by an official government document.

Question 8

Rule of Law

Answer 8

The rule of law is that all citizens are accountable to the same laws.

Question 9

Consent to the Governed

Answer 9

The government may use power only when consented to by the people

Question 10

Oligarchy

Answer 10

The power/control of the government is represented by a small group of people.

Question 11

Theocracy

Answer 11

Government headed by a religious leader, who rules by (Divine Authority, god chossen)

Question 12

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 12

One HEREDITARY ruler has ALL power

Question 13

Autocracy

Answer 13

any system of government in which the power held by a single individual

Question 14

Constitutional Monarchies

Answer 14

HEREDITARY ruler has LIMITED/SHARED power
controlled by a constitution
people vote

Question 15

Direct Democracies

Answer 15

all citizens get to directly vote on any issue. Government ruled by the people

Question 16

Indirect Decmoocries

Answer 16

USA, government people elect representatives

Question 17

Parliamentary Democracy

Answer 17

people elect legislature (Parliament), then parliament chose executive branch leaders (prime minister/cabinet)
-Great Britain, Israel

Question 18

Dictatorship

Answer 18

one ruler has ALL the [power and gets that power through force

Question 19

Hobbes

Answer 19

• believed people naturally evil, war
  -strong government is needed to keep order
  -Galileo, motion

Question 20

Locke

Answer 20

-believed people the source of power, reasonable
-government must protect natural rights
-newton

Question 21

Montesquieu

Answer 21

• importance of a separation of powers
  -Provides “checks & balances”

Question 22

Rousseau

Answer 22

-writer of “The Social Contract”
-government= agreement between ruler & people
-people give up rights in return for protection from government

Question 23

Voltaire

Answer 23

-Freedom of speech
-Religious toleration
-Separation of church & state

Question 24

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 24

-English advocate for women’s rights

Question 25

Parliamentary Government

Answer 25

System of gov. where power lies in the legislative branch (parliamentary)
-prime minster, head of gov

Question 26

Confederal gov

Answer 26

system where power is located within individual states/ little power in the central government