Enlightenment Ch.8 Flashcards
Who was Joseph II of Austria?
- encouraged religious toleration
- his successors reverted all his ideas when he died
- enlightenment reforms were a failure
- got rid of serfdom
- got rid of death penalty
Who was Fredrick the great of Prussia?
- He granted limited freedom of speech
- encouraged religious toleration
- did not believe in the use of torture except in treason or murder cases
- kept tradition of serfdom
Who was Catherine the Great of Russia?
- agreed with philosophies that people should be treated equally, but did nothing to reinforce it
- best known for expanding Russia’s territory
What Is a divine right ruler?
Someone who practices absolutism and the belief that a monarch receives the right and wisdom to rule directly from God
What is censorship?
Restricting access to ideas and information
Geocentric
The belief that the sun revolves around the earth
Heliocentric
The belief that the earth revolves around the sun
Physiocrat
A group the challenges the current way of the economy
Philosopher
Someone who tries to challenge the government
Where do philosophers exchange ideas?
Salons
What is it called when a nation gives up freedom of the people to a powerful government to avoid chaos?
Communism
What two revolutions started because of enlightenment??
American and french revolutions
Why are Rousseau, Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Smith important?
Because they are enlightenment thinkers and challenged everything going on in the world around them
