Enlightenment and Revolution - Chapter 22 Flashcards

Analyze events that led Enlightenment scientists and thinkers to question old ideas and to revolutionize the arts, religion, government, and society.

1
Q

French writer concerned with government and political liberty

A

Montesquieu

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2
Q

Grand, ornate style

A

baroque

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3
Q

Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

A

scientific method

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4
Q

Author of the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

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5
Q

New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question

A

Scientific Revolution

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6
Q

Author who wrote about women’s rights

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

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7
Q

View which held that the earth was the center of the universe

A

geocentric theory

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8
Q

Social gathering for discussing ideas or enjoying art

A

Salon

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9
Q

Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom, of religious belief, and freedom of speech

A

Voltaire

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10
Q

First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; protections of basic rights for individuals

A

Bill of rights

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11
Q

Social critics of France

A

Philosophes

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12
Q

Ruler who supported enlightenment ideas but did not give a power

A

Enlightened despot

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13
Q

Philosopher who wrote about government

A

John Locke

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14
Q

According to Thomas Hobbes, an Agreement people make with Goverment

A

Social Contract

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15
Q

System in which each branch of government checks, or limits, the power of the other two branches

A

checks and balances

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16
Q

Document declaring American independence from Britain

A

Declaration of Independence

17
Q

Theory that the sun is at the center of the universe

A

heliocentric theory

18
Q

Simple style that borrowed ideas from classical Greece and Rome

A

neoclassical

19
Q

Age of Reason

A

Enlightenment

20
Q

System of government in which power is divided between the national and state governments

A

Federal system

21
Q

Scientist who was forced by the Catholic Church to take back scientific ideas that disagreed with the church’s view

A

Galileo Galilei

22
Q

Scientist who discovered laws of motion and gravity

A

Isaac Newton

23
Q

Enlightenment thinker who championed freedom

A

Rousseau

24
Q

Russian ruler who took steps to reform and modernize Russia

A

Catherine the Great