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Veterinary Medicine Year 2 > ENI - Lice > Flashcards

ENI - Lice Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general features of lice

A
  • Phthiraptera
  • Hemimetabola
  • Live close to skin
  • Lay eggs
  • Highly specialised
  • Limited/single host species range
  • Split into chewing vs sucking lice
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2
Q

Describe the basic morphology of lice

A
  • Claws
  • Dorso-ventrally flattened
  • Wingless
  • Mouthparts adapted to chewing or sucking
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3
Q

Describe the appearance of louse eggs

A
  • Pale, translucent
  • Suboval
  • Firmly glued to hairs near skin
  • Chicken lice lay eggs in large maasses at base of feathers
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4
Q

How are lice transmitted?

A

Direct contact

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5
Q

Describe the 3 types of lice found on humans

A
  • Head, body, pubic
  • Head and body are different morphotypes of the same species
  • Head: Pediculus humanus capitus
  • Body: Pediculus humanus corporis
  • Pubic: Phthirus pubis
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6
Q

What are the suborders of lice?

A
  • Anoplura (sucking lice)
  • Rhynchophthirina (elephant and warthog lice)
  • Amblycera and Ischnocera (chewing lice)
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7
Q

Name the genuses of sucking lice

A
  • Haematopinus

- Linognathus

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8
Q

What are the host species for Haematopinus?

A
  • Pigs
  • Cattle
  • Horses
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9
Q

What are the host species for Linognathus?

A
  • Cattle
  • Sheep
  • Goats
  • Dogs
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10
Q

Name the genuses of chewing lice

A
  • Damalina (Bovicola)
  • Felicola
  • Trichodectes
  • Lipeurus
  • Cuclogaster
  • Menacanthus
  • Gliricola
  • Gyropus
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11
Q

What genus of chewing lice are found in cattle, sheep, goats and horses?

A

Damalina (Bovicola)

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12
Q

What genus of chewing lice are found in cats?

A

Felicola

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13
Q

What genus of chewing lice are found in dogs?

A

Trichodectes

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14
Q

What genuses of chewing lice are found in domestic birds?

A
  • Lipeurus
  • Cuclotogaster
  • Menacanthus
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15
Q

What genuses of chewing lice are found in guinea pigs?

A
  • Gliricola

- Gyropus

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16
Q

Describe the common appearance of sucking lice

A
  • Often found with mouthparts embedded in skin
  • Relatively large
  • Often at 45degrees to skin (feeding)
17
Q

Describe the common appearance of chewing lice

A
  • Fairly active
  • Not embedded
  • Can be seen moving through hair of host
18
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Infestation of lice

19
Q

What are the direct effects of pediculosis?

A
  • Pruritus
  • Dermal irritation
  • Unthrifty appearance
  • Rough coat
  • Lowered production in farm animal
  • Loss of hair and local scarification
  • Severe infestations of sucking lice may lead to anaemia
20
Q

What are the indirect effects of pediculosis?

A
  • Can act as vectors
  • Rickettsia prowazekii (typhus)
  • Borrelia recurrentis (louse-borne relapsing fever)
  • Bartonella quintana (trench fever)
  • Swine pox
  • trichodected can be intermediate hosts for Dipylidium caninum
21
Q

Outline lice and large animals

A
  • Infested animals bite, scratch and rub selves
  • Causes self-truama
  • May damage fences, trees and buildings
  • Welfare and economic considerations
  • Damage to hide downgrades value of leather
  • Weight loss, poor milk production
  • Anaemia likely if large numbers of lice involved
  • Usually seen on stressed, underfed or unwell animals
22
Q

Outline lice in small animals

A
  • Not common pest of companion animals
  • Mainly rescues, puppy or kitten farms
  • More common in elderly
  • Poor health, long coat predispose
  • Some species more irritating that others
23
Q

Outline lice in birds

A
  • Not highly pathogenic to adult birds
  • May be fatal to chicks
  • Damaged skin = secondary bacterial infections
  • Restlessness, feather plucking, feather damage, cessation of feeding, death
24
Q

Outline the control of lice

A
  • Spread by direct contact so limit
  • Adults, nymphs and eggs only survive few days off host
  • Control uncomplicated as most time on host
  • Need to consider sucking vs chewing, timing and treatment method
  • Treat all animals at once
  • Spot ons, pour ons, powers
25
Q

Describe the appearance of Felicola subrostratus

A
  • Distinct triangular head
  • Legs for grasping
  • Thorax
  • Large rounded abdomen, pointy at end
26
Q

Describe the appearance of Linognathus

A
  • Thin pointed head
  • More rounded legs
  • ## Elongated/oval abdomen
27
Q

Describe the appearance of chewing lice

A
  • Flat/rounded head

- Mouthparts less obvious

28
Q

Describe the appearance of Haematopinus suis

A
  • Similar to Felicola
  • Claws obvious on feet
  • Dots around outside of abdomen

Veterinary Medicine Year 2 (30 decks)

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