Enhancing Movement Flashcards
What are factors influencing movement quality?
- Physiology
- Practice/training
- Biomechanics
- Technology
- Nutrition
- Psychology
How does practice affect our motor learning?
- As we practice, we learn to move more effectively and more efficiently
- Reflects changes in perceptual, cognitive and action capability
Is controlling your movement a simple task?
No, it seems easy but its a very complex process on many levels. This is one of the reasons it takes so long for us to learn skills
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to change continuously throughout the life span eg.
- Brain activity for a certain function can be transferred to a different location
- The proportion of grey matter can change
- Synapses may strengthen or weaken over time “use it or lose it” (Hebbian Theory)
What are the 4 factors of experience-dependent plasticity?
- Synaptic pruning (pulling apart the synapses)
- Long-term potentiation
- Selective inhibition
- Myelination
What is skill automaticity?
Achieved when performance of a primary task is minimally effected by other ongoing tasks. Allows us to perform it almost automatically without thinking
Why is it important to set the right difficulty level when practicing?
- Shouldn’t be too easy or too hard
- Try to make the practice more difficult then it would be in a game
What is contextual interference?
Interfering to make the performance not so good and make errors. But the flip side is that you learn more so it actually is beneficial to skill learning
What is deliberate practice?
The practice that is solely for improving performance, not necessarily fun and is often with a coach
What is deliberate play?
Practice for fun that is often unsupervised
To become successful in sport, do you need to specialise early?
There are multiple pathways for achieving your goals and becoming an expert so it’s not necessarily important to specialise early.
What are the different types of practice?
- Easy : Hard
- Massed : Distributed
- Constant : variable
- Blocked : Random
- Part : Whole
- Guided : Discovery
- Mental : Physical
What is ‘brain-washing’?
- What you do after practice influences learning effectiveness
- Emerging research field suggesting that sleep soon after practice helps learning
What are explicit (conscious) ways for coaches to modify technique?
- Instruction
- Feedback
- Demonstration
What are implicit (sub-conscious) ways for coaches to modify technique?
- Analogy
- Problem-solving
- Variable practice
- dual-tasking
Is the problem of physical inactivity to do with education?
No
- People know the importance of being PA
- The problem is that when people start being active, they stop and relapse which usually happens within 6 months of starting
Enhancing movement for performance =
getting people to do it (behaviour change)
Myth: Education leads to behaviour change
Truth: Changing our behaviours to adopt and maintain PA is complicated. Trying to convince people of its importance isn’t enough
What is motivation?
Anything that impels a person to action. Motivation is crucial since exercise is a voluntary activity
How can we demonstrate motivation?
Through the intensity and direction of behaviour
- Intensity example: going for a run even though its raining
- Direction example: choosing to go to the gym instead of the pub
What are outcome expectations?
What can be achieved? - the reasons for exercising, important for getting people started
What are proximal outcomes of PA?
- Things we experience during and shortly afterwards
- Keeps us motivated from day to day
- Less likely to be recognised
What are distal outcomes of PA?
- Can be achieved through regular exercise but takes days or months
- Ranked more important
- Aspirational - longer term motivation
Relationship between proximal and distal motivation?
We need the proximal motivation to achieve those distal outcomes