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IFM Environmental Health > Enhancing Detox > Flashcards

Enhancing Detox Flashcards

1
Q

Micronutrients for supporting phase 1 detox

A 
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
niacin (vitamin B3)
pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
folic acid
vitamin B12
glutathione
phospholipids
magnesium, zinc, copper
Iron: P450s
Molybdenum
flavonoids
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2
Q

Micronutrients for supporting phase 2 detox

A 
Cysteine
Sulfate
N-acetylcysteine
Methionine, serine
glycine, taurine
glutamine, proline
ornithine, arginine
Riboflavin
Vitamin A
Methyl donors
(folate, choline,
TMG, SAMe)
Phytonutrients
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3
Q

What specific phytonutrients appear to be most

useful in upregulating glucuronidation?

A

b. Quercetin, carotenes

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4
Q

sulfur amino acids that support the

phase two conjugating enzymes

A

GTG cyst meth
NAC
homo
homo

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5
Q

major botanicals for UGT

A

Milk thistle
Gingko biloba
Grape seed extract

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6
Q

think thyroid, dysbiosis, carotinoids, quercetin for…

A

Glucuronidation support

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7
Q

SAMe: B6, B12, Folate

A

SAMe is methyl donor for: –> SAH
• DNA protection
• Phosphatidylcholine synthesis
• Neurotransmitter metabolism

• Under normal circumstances, homocysteine, in the presence of vitamin B6,
vitamin B12, and folate (SAMe’s main cofactors), will eventually be converted
back into methionine, or cysteine. 1,2
• If adequate amounts of these vitamins are not present, SAMe may not break
down properly. As a consequence, its full benefits will not be obtained, and
homocysteine may increase to unsafe levels. 1

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8
Q

NASH associated with

A

high homocysteine

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9
Q

how to lower homocysteine

A

B12 plus fish oil

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10
Q

Arsenic tox correlated with

A

low beta carotene
low methionine
low glutathione

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11
Q

decreased vib sensation found in which tox?

A

Toxic Metals Pb, Hg, Cd, As;

xenobiotics

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12
Q

Methylation support

A

Folate: 5-MTHF (0.4–10 gm), folinic acid, folic acid
• B12: methylcobalamin (0.4 – 5 mg), cynacocobalamin
hydroxycobalamin and adenosylcobalamin
• B6: pyridoxine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate (10-50 mg)
• B2: riboflavin, riboflavin-5-phosphate (10-50 mg)
• Betaine (trimethylglycine) (500-2000 mg)
• Magnesium (200-1200 mg)
• Fish oil (1-5 gm EPA, DHA)
• SAMe (400-1200 mg) if clinical tolerance

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13
Q

minerals needed for glutathione cycle

A

selenium

riboflavin

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14
Q

the primary free radical cell protector

A

GSH

by maintaining mitochondrial redox potential and cell membrane stability

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15
Q

mercapturic acids

A

made in phase II detox reactions by GSH - for excretion

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16
Q

phase II metab that helps make leukotrienes - with ?

A

GSH (with AA deriv)

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17
Q

diseases with decreased GSH

A
  • Heart disease, hypertension
  • Arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases
  • Diabetes
  • Autism
  • Cancer (leukemia)
  • Macular degeneration, cataracts
  • Genitourinary diseases incl. chronic renal failure
  • Respiratory diseases like COPD, adult respiratory distress syn (ARDS)
  • AIDS
  • Hearing loss
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18
Q

what is main source of dietary sulfur/Glutathione?

A

fruits/veg

meat (only 25%)

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19
Q

why is NAC given for glutathione

A

Cysteine is frequently identified as rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis

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20
Q

mild chelators

A

NAC & GSH

NAC doesnt bind to essential metals

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21
Q

glycine

A

can be given with NAC - rate limiting step for GSH

helps with redox capacity

22
Q

How to fix age related decline in Nrf2

23
Q

vit that help glutathione

A

Vit D - esp brain
Vit C
Vit E

24
Q

Glutathione support

A 
N-acetylcysteine 600-3000 mg
• Glycine 4-8 gm
• Lipoic acid 200-1200 mg
• GSH 450+ mg
• Magnesium 400-1200 mg
• Vitamin D3 as needed
• Vitamin C 500- 2000 mg
• Methyl folate 400 mcg - 4 mg
• Methyl B12 1-3 mg
• SAMe 400-1200 mg
• Niacinamide 500-2000 mg
• Zinc 10-40 mg
• Vitamin E 400-800 IU
• Selenomethionine 200 mcg
• Whey Protein isolate 1-3 servings
• Milk thistle 500-1200 mg
(silymarin: silybin)
• Other: Phytonutrients – Curcumin,
Hydroxytyrosol, Sulphoraphane,
Resveratrol, berry extracts, nuts
25
AA conj
• Glycine, Taurine, Arginine, Glutamine • Endogenous molecules - bile acids, branched chain fatty acids • Environmental chemicals - some herbicides • Food preservatives - substituted benzoates • Drugs - e.g., salicylic acid (glycine) ibuprofen (taurine), valproic acid • For the majority of xenobiotic carboxylic acids, amino acid conjugation is a minor metabolic pathway • Primary role is to regulate systemic levels of amino acids that are also utilized as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
26
sweetener in smoothies
glycine (conjugator supp)
27
L-Taurine
• Highest concentration in brain and heart • Second most abundant amino acid in blood (free form) • Sulfonate group: electrophile center/reducing agent • Membrane-protective against hypochlorous acid • Crosses blood brain barrier: long term potentiation in striatum/hippocampus neurons • Membrane stabilization • Calcium homeostasis • Protects against glutamate excitotoxicity**
28
Clinical Applications of L-Taurine
* Hyperactivity, anxiety, sleep disturbance * Seizures, autism * Cholestasis, Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes * Cardiomyopathy, retinal degeneration * Alzheimer’s disease, hepatic disorders * Cystic fibrosis, growth retardation * Alcoholism
29
Applications of Glutamine
• Inflammatory bowel diseases, especially of the small intestine (e.g., Crohn's disease) • Increased intestinal permeability • Persons with wounds that are still healing (e.g., burns, injuries, surgeries) • Persons with low muscle mass and chronic immune weakness revealed by frequent infections • All wasting syndromes • Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
30
glutamine contra-indication
• Current neurodegenerative diseases: ALS, MS, PD • Glutamine conversion to glutamate in neurons can be excitotoxic
31
chemically sensitive people - metab defect
think slow acetylators. | • Acetylation is used to eliminate excess histamine, serotonin, sulfa drugs
32
Acetylation support
``` pantothenic acid, Vitamin C, B1, B2, Mg and lipoate ```
33
Poor conjugators clinical syndromes
Possible ‘poor conjugators’ • Chemical sensitivity: MCS: perfumes, sulfites, preservatives, dyes, colors, MSG, salicylates, etc. • Autoimmune disorders: Lupus, RA, MS, thyroiditis, Sjogren’s, scleroderma, etc. • Neurological: ASD, ADD, depression, anxiety, neurodegeneration, migraine, restless legs, neuropathy, “brain fog”, memory loss,seizures. • Metabolic: Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity • Structural: Fibromyalgia, osteopenia/osteoporosis • SNP: Predisposition consideration
34
• Glucuronidation support focus
``` Carotenoids, quercetin glucuronidase support thyroid, dysbiosis ```
35
• Sulfonation support focus
• Sulfur amino acids, sulfate/MSM
36
Methylation support focus
• Folate, B12, B6, TMG, EPA-DHA
37
• Glutathione conjugation support
``` NAC Lipoate, GSH, Mg, D3, phytonutrients ```
38
fat free diets
Fat-free diets in animals have a dramatic reduction in cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase concentration and activity
39
high GGT
Serum GGT >40 Reflects Persistent Organic Pollutants burden1 High GGT: increased glutathione catabolism / depletion
40
Pantothenic acid
supports glutathione synthesis through its role in ATP production
41
B12 deficiency is associated with
lower glutathione levels1
42
Zn deficiency and immune function
impairs development of acquired immunity | • Compromises B lymphocyte development and antibody production(IgG). Adverse affect on macrophages.
43
could see zn def in
celiac diarrhea veg
44
see Low alkaline phosphatase | lack of sour, bitter taste in...
zinc deficiency
45
mineral that helps with mercury detox
selenium
46
minerals that helps with lead detox
calcium and iron
47
mineral required for all CYP
iron
48
cadmium affected by
iron def
49
lipoates effect
activate Nrf-2/Antioxidant Response Element to increase phase II enzymes
50
lipoates and toxic metals
protective

IFM Environmental Health (6 decks)

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