Enhancing Detox Flashcards
Micronutrients for supporting phase 1 detox
riboflavin (vitamin B2) niacin (vitamin B3) pyridoxine (vitamin B6) folic acid vitamin B12 glutathione phospholipids magnesium, zinc, copper Iron: P450s Molybdenum flavonoids
Micronutrients for supporting phase 2 detox
Cysteine Sulfate N-acetylcysteine Methionine, serine glycine, taurine glutamine, proline ornithine, arginine Riboflavin Vitamin A Methyl donors (folate, choline, TMG, SAMe) Phytonutrients
What specific phytonutrients appear to be most
useful in upregulating glucuronidation?
b. Quercetin, carotenes
sulfur amino acids that support the
phase two conjugating enzymes
GTG cyst meth
NAC
homo
homo
major botanicals for UGT
Milk thistle
Gingko biloba
Grape seed extract
think thyroid, dysbiosis, carotinoids, quercetin for…
Glucuronidation support
SAMe: B6, B12, Folate
SAMe is methyl donor for: –> SAH
• DNA protection
• Phosphatidylcholine synthesis
• Neurotransmitter metabolism
• Under normal circumstances, homocysteine, in the presence of vitamin B6,
vitamin B12, and folate (SAMe’s main cofactors), will eventually be converted
back into methionine, or cysteine. 1,2
• If adequate amounts of these vitamins are not present, SAMe may not break
down properly. As a consequence, its full benefits will not be obtained, and
homocysteine may increase to unsafe levels. 1
NASH associated with
high homocysteine
how to lower homocysteine
B12 plus fish oil
Arsenic tox correlated with
low beta carotene
low methionine
low glutathione
decreased vib sensation found in which tox?
Toxic Metals Pb, Hg, Cd, As;
xenobiotics
Methylation support
Folate: 5-MTHF (0.4–10 gm), folinic acid, folic acid
• B12: methylcobalamin (0.4 – 5 mg), cynacocobalamin
hydroxycobalamin and adenosylcobalamin
• B6: pyridoxine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate (10-50 mg)
• B2: riboflavin, riboflavin-5-phosphate (10-50 mg)
• Betaine (trimethylglycine) (500-2000 mg)
• Magnesium (200-1200 mg)
• Fish oil (1-5 gm EPA, DHA)
• SAMe (400-1200 mg) if clinical tolerance
minerals needed for glutathione cycle
selenium
riboflavin
the primary free radical cell protector
GSH
by maintaining mitochondrial redox potential and cell membrane stability
mercapturic acids
made in phase II detox reactions by GSH - for excretion
phase II metab that helps make leukotrienes - with ?
GSH (with AA deriv)
diseases with decreased GSH
- Heart disease, hypertension
- Arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases
- Diabetes
- Autism
- Cancer (leukemia)
- Macular degeneration, cataracts
- Genitourinary diseases incl. chronic renal failure
- Respiratory diseases like COPD, adult respiratory distress syn (ARDS)
- AIDS
- Hearing loss
what is main source of dietary sulfur/Glutathione?
fruits/veg
meat (only 25%)
why is NAC given for glutathione
Cysteine is frequently identified as rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis
mild chelators
NAC & GSH
NAC doesnt bind to essential metals
glycine
can be given with NAC - rate limiting step for GSH
helps with redox capacity
How to fix age related decline in Nrf2
ALA
vit that help glutathione
Vit D - esp brain
Vit C
Vit E
Glutathione support
N-acetylcysteine 600-3000 mg • Glycine 4-8 gm • Lipoic acid 200-1200 mg • GSH 450+ mg • Magnesium 400-1200 mg • Vitamin D3 as needed • Vitamin C 500- 2000 mg • Methyl folate 400 mcg - 4 mg • Methyl B12 1-3 mg • SAMe 400-1200 mg • Niacinamide 500-2000 mg • Zinc 10-40 mg • Vitamin E 400-800 IU • Selenomethionine 200 mcg • Whey Protein isolate 1-3 servings • Milk thistle 500-1200 mg (silymarin: silybin) • Other: Phytonutrients – Curcumin, Hydroxytyrosol, Sulphoraphane, Resveratrol, berry extracts, nuts
AA conj
• Glycine, Taurine, Arginine, Glutamine
• Endogenous molecules - bile acids, branched chain fatty acids
• Environmental chemicals - some herbicides
• Food preservatives - substituted benzoates
• Drugs - e.g., salicylic acid (glycine) ibuprofen (taurine), valproic acid
• For the majority of xenobiotic carboxylic acids, amino acid conjugation
is a minor metabolic pathway
• Primary role is to regulate systemic levels of amino acids that are also
utilized as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
sweetener in smoothies
glycine (conjugator supp)
L-Taurine
• Highest concentration in brain and heart
• Second most abundant amino acid in blood (free form)
• Sulfonate group: electrophile center/reducing agent
• Membrane-protective against hypochlorous acid
• Crosses blood brain barrier: long term potentiation in
striatum/hippocampus neurons
• Membrane stabilization
• Calcium homeostasis
• Protects against glutamate excitotoxicity**
Clinical Applications of L-Taurine
- Hyperactivity, anxiety, sleep disturbance
- Seizures, autism
- Cholestasis, Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes
- Cardiomyopathy, retinal degeneration
- Alzheimer’s disease, hepatic disorders
- Cystic fibrosis, growth retardation
- Alcoholism
Applications of Glutamine
• Inflammatory bowel diseases, especially of the small intestine
(e.g., Crohn’s disease)
• Increased intestinal permeability
• Persons with wounds that are still healing (e.g., burns, injuries,
surgeries)
• Persons with low muscle mass and chronic immune weakness
revealed by frequent infections
• All wasting syndromes
• Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
glutamine contra-indication
• Current neurodegenerative diseases: ALS, MS, PD
• Glutamine conversion to glutamate in neurons can be
excitotoxic
chemically sensitive people - metab defect
think slow acetylators.
• Acetylation is used to eliminate excess histamine, serotonin, sulfa drugs
Acetylation support
pantothenic acid, Vitamin C, B1, B2, Mg and lipoate
Poor conjugators clinical syndromes
Possible ‘poor conjugators’
• Chemical sensitivity: MCS: perfumes, sulfites, preservatives, dyes,
colors, MSG, salicylates, etc.
• Autoimmune disorders: Lupus, RA, MS, thyroiditis, Sjogren’s,
scleroderma, etc.
• Neurological: ASD, ADD, depression, anxiety, neurodegeneration, migraine, restless legs, neuropathy, “brain fog”, memory loss,seizures.
• Metabolic: Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity
• Structural: Fibromyalgia, osteopenia/osteoporosis
• SNP: Predisposition consideration
• Glucuronidation support focus
Carotenoids, quercetin glucuronidase support thyroid, dysbiosis
• Sulfonation support focus
• Sulfur amino acids, sulfate/MSM
Methylation support focus
• Folate, B12, B6, TMG, EPA-DHA
• Glutathione conjugation support
NAC Lipoate, GSH, Mg, D3, phytonutrients
fat free diets
Fat-free diets in animals have a dramatic reduction in
cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase
concentration and activity
high GGT
Serum GGT >40
Reflects Persistent Organic Pollutants burden1
High GGT: increased glutathione catabolism / depletion
Pantothenic acid
supports glutathione synthesis through its role in ATP production
B12 deficiency is associated with
lower glutathione levels1
Zn deficiency and immune function
impairs development of acquired immunity
• Compromises B lymphocyte development and antibody production(IgG). Adverse affect on macrophages.
could see zn def in
celiac
diarrhea
veg
see Low alkaline phosphatase
lack of sour, bitter taste in…
zinc deficiency
mineral that helps with mercury detox
selenium
minerals that helps with lead detox
calcium and iron
mineral required for all CYP
iron
cadmium affected by
iron def
lipoates effect
activate Nrf-2/Antioxidant Response Element to increase phase II enzymes
lipoates and toxic metals
protective
