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Digital Forensics > Enhanced cognitive interview > Flashcards

Enhanced cognitive interview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 steps of the Fisher and Geiselman original cognitive interview (CI)?

A
  • Reinstate the context
  • Report everything
  • Recall the events in different orders
  • Change perspectives
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2
Q

What is the issue with step 4 of the CI?

A

Change perspectives: Encourages witness to develop false memories which is controversial and can lead to inaccurate accounts.

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3
Q

What was the purpose of step 4 CI?

A

The witness may be the victim so they could be traumatised reliving the events so recalling it from another perspective might be less stressful.

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4
Q

What is the difference between the cognitive interview and the enhanced cognitive interview?

A

The enhanced cognitive interview places little/no emphasis on perspective change

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5
Q

What are the steps of the enhanced cognitive interview?

A
  • Rapport building
  • Recreate the context of the original event
  • Open ended narration
  • Questioning
  • Closure
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6
Q

What is the purpose of rapport building?

A
  • Setting the witness at ease
  • Placing them in the correct frame of mind
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7
Q

What should happen in the rapport building step?

A
  • The witness holds the key to a successful interview and should be made aware of this fact.
  • Let the witness choose at which point in the event they wish to start.
  • Listen and allow for pauses.
  • witness should feel at ease
  • Try to find common points of interest / icebreaker questions
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8
Q

What is the most important step of the cognitive interview?

A

Context reinstatement

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9
Q

What should happen in the context reinstatement step?

A
  • Invite the witness to close their eyes and place themselves back at the scene.
  • Remember associated events including sights, smells and sounds.
  • Emotions before, during and after the event.
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10
Q

What should happen in the open-ended narration step?

A
  • Witness describes the event of their own accord without prompts from the operator/interviewer
  • Don’t interrupt or talk very much but give them social awards in the form of smiling or nodding.
  • When you’re not talking it encourages the other person to talk because people don’t like awkward pauses.
  • You should make trigger notes during this, this is used as the basis for follow-up questions
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11
Q

What happens in the questioning step?

A
  • Interviewer plays a more central role than in step 3 but the witness remains in control.
  • Focussed retrieval
  • Use open ended questions.
  • Do not interrupt.
  • Allow for long pauses.
  • Witness compatible questioning
  • Conduct the interview at the witness’s pace rather than dictating the pace yourself.
  • Avoid biased questions.
  • Include ‘describe’ questions
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12
Q

What is an interview defined as in accordance with the Codes of Practice?

A
  • An interview is the questioning of a person regarding their involvement in a criminal offence or offences which under paragraph C10.1 must be carried out under caution.
  • Whenever a person is interviewed they must be informed of the nature of the offence, or further offence.
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13
Q

What are the police required to apply to when interviewing witnesses?

A

ADVOKATE
re R v Turnball

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14
Q

What does the A stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

A - Amount of time under observation: How long did the witness have the person/incident in view?

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15
Q

What does the D stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

D - Distance: What was the distance between the witness and the person/incident?

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16
Q

What does the V stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

V - Visibility: What was the visibility at the time? Factors include time of day, street lighting, etc.

17
Q

What does the O stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

O - Obstruction: Were there any obstructions to the view of the witness?

18
Q

What does the K stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

K - Known or seen before: Did the witness know, or had the witness ever seen, the person before? If so, where and when?

19
Q

What does the 2nd A stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

A - Any reason to remember: Did the witness have any special reason for remembering the person/incident? Was there something specific that made the person/incident memorable?

20
Q

What does the T stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

T - Time-lapse: How long has elapsed since the witness saw the person/incident?

21
Q

What does the E stand for in ADVOKATE?

A

E - Error or material discrepancy: Are there any errors or material discrepancies between descriptions in the first and subsequent accounts of the witness

22
Q

What happens in the closure step?

A
  • Brief the witness as to what will happen next.
  • Exchange contact details and ask them to get in touch if they remember anything else (but maybe too late to alter the composite).
  • Leave the witness in a positive frame of mind.

Digital Forensics (14 decks)

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