ENGN132 - Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is a Preprocessor Directive?
Preprocessor Directive is a C program line beginning with # that provides an instruction to the preprocessor
e.g. #define, #include
What is a Preprocessor?
A preprocessor is a System Program that modifies a C program prior to its compilation
What is a Library?
A collection of useful functions and symbols that may be accessed by a program
What is a Constant Macro?
A name that is replaced by a particular constant value before the program is sent to the compiler
What is a comment?
Comments are text beginning with /* and ending with */ that provide supplementary information but are ignored by the preprocessor and the compiler.
// is used for a quick comment
Define Declaration
The part of the program that tells the compiler the names of the memory cells in a program
What are executable statements?
Executable Statements are program lines that are converted to machine language instructions by the compiler and executed by the computer
What is a Reserved Word?
Reserved Words are words with special meaning in C
What is a Standard Identifier?
A word having special meaning but one that a programmer may redefine.
Redefinition of Std. Identifiers is not recommended
What is a Variable?
A variable is a name associated with a memory cell whose value can change
What is a Variable Declaration?
Statements that communicate to the compiler the names of variables in the program and the kind of information stored in each variable.
Define Data Types
Data Types are a set of values and operations that can be performed on those values.
What is an ASCII code?
A particular code that specifies the integer representing each “char” value
Define Assignment Statements
Instructions that store values or a computational result in a variable.
What is an Input Operation?
An instruction that copies data from an input device into memory
What is an Output Operation?
An instruction that displays information stored in memory.
What is an Input/Output Function?
A C function that performs an input or output operation.
Define Function Call
Calling or Activating a Function
Define Function Argument
Enclosed in Parentheses following the function name; provides information required by the function.
What is a Format String?
In a call to “printf”, a string of characters enclosed in quotes ( “” ), which specifies the form of the output line
What is a print list?
Print lists occur in a call to “printf”, the variables or expressions whose values are displayed
What is a Placeholder?
A symbol beginning with % in a format string that indicates where to display the output value
What is the ‘Newline Escape Sequence’?
The character sequence “\n”, which is used in a format string to terminate an output line.
What is a Cursor?
A moving place marker that indicates the next position on the screen where information will be displayed.
What is a Prompt, or a Prompting Message?
A message displayed to indicate what data to enter in what form.
Define Program Documentation
Information (Comments) that enhances the readability to the program.
Increases Readability for Programmer, the user does not see Program Documentation/Comments
What is a Mixed Type Expression?
An expression with operands of different types
What is a Mixed Type Assignment?
The expression being evaluated and the variable to which it is assigned have different data types.
Define a Type Cast
Converting an Expression to a different type by writing the desired type in Parentheses in front of the expression.
Define Unary Operators
An operator with one operand
Define Operand
A quantity on which an operation is to be done.
Define Binary Operator
An operator containing two operands
What is a Representational Error?
An error due to coding a real number as a finite number of binary digits.
What is a Cancellation Error?
An error resulting from applying an arithmetic operation to operands of vastly different magnitudes; effect of the smaller operand is lost
What is Arithmetic Underflow?
An error in which a very small computational result is represented as zero
What is Arithmetic Overflow?
An error that is an attempt to represent a computational result that is too large
Define Field Width
The number of Columns used to display a value
Define Interactive Mode
A mode of program execution in which the user responds to prompts by entering (typing in) data
Define Batch Mode
A mode of program execution in which the program scans its data from a previously prepared data file
What is Debugging?
Removing Errors from a Program
What is a Syntax Error?
A violation of the C grammar rules, detected during program compilation (translation from programmer language to machine language)
What is a Run-time Error?
An attempt to form an invalid operation, detected during program execution
What is a Logic Error?
An error caused by following an incorrect algorithm
