English Y09 Spr1 Flashcards
1.1 fate
Fate is the development of events outside a person’s control, usually by a supernatural source. The word fate traces back to the Latin word fatum, meaning ‘that which has been spoken’. Something that’s your fate is a done deal, not open to revision.
1.2 loyalty
Loyalty is a faithfulness to commitments or obligations, particularly to a sovereign, leader or cause. The word loyalty traces back to the Old French loialté, based on loial or leial, both meaning and related to “legal.”
1.3 ambition
Ambition is a strong desire to do or achieve something. The word ambition traces back to the Latin word ambire which means to go around looking for votes.
1.4 the supernatural
Supernatural means something which is outside of our understanding of nature. The word traces back to the 15th Century, and originally meant ‘of or given by God’ changing in the 18th Century to mean ‘a supernatural being’. The supernatural is associated with ghosts and other spectral beings.
2.1 structure and coherence
the different ways that texts are put together in order to create logical sequences and effects.
2.2 spelling and grammar
accuracy of spelling and punctuation and the use of it to create effects in texts.
2.3 awareness of impact
the understanding and explanation of the impact of word choices and structural features on readers; it includes an understanding of genre, audience and purpose.
2.4 understanding of context
an understanding and explanation of the impact of the author of the text and the time it was written, as well as the intended audience.
2.5 using evidence
the use of quotations and reference to the text to support ideas; embedding of evidence makes your writing more sophisticated
2.6 analysing technique
an understanding and analysis of the language of a text to reveal the effects and meanings intended by the writer.
3.1 act (Act)
a section of a play
3.2 scene (Seen)
a division of an act in a play presenting continuous action in one place, or a single situation or unit of dialogue
3.3 stage directions (di-REC-shuns )
the instructions that tell actors how to speak and behave on stage
3.4 exeunt (ex-UNT)
a stage direction to show that a group of actors leave the stage
3.5 chorus ( KOR-us)
a group of actors used to comment on the action throughout a play
3.6 prologue (PRO-log)
an introductory section of a play or novel
3.7 epilogue ( E-pi-log)
a final section of a novel or play which serves as a comment or a conclusion to what has happened
3.8 aside ( a-SIDE)
when a character speaks to the audience and other characters can’t hear what they’re saying
3.9 soliloquy ( so-LI-lo-kwee)
a single character speech which reveals their thoughts and feelings to the audience
3.1 dialogue ( DI-a-log)
a conversation written between characters in a novel or play
3.11 duologue ( DEW-o-log)
two characters speaking on the stage
3.12 syllable ( SIL-a-bull)
A syllable is a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound and that is pronounced as a unit. So, for example, ‘book’ has one syllable, and ‘reading’ has two syllables
3.13 iambic pentameter ( i-AM-bic pen-TAM-e-ter)
a 10 syllable line consisting of alternately unstressed and stressed syllables-often said to resemble a heartbeat
3.14 blank verse ( blank verse)
verse that has no rhyme but is written in iambic pentameter
3.15 In media res ( in ME-dia res)
beginning a story or play in the middle of events
4.1 anaphora (an-a-FOR-a)
repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of clauses
4.2 juxtaposition (jux-ta-pos-ISH-un)
the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect
4.3 metaphor (MET-a-for)
a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn’t literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison
4.4 pathetic fallacy (fal-a-see)
the attribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate things- often the weather
4.5 personification (per-son-i-fi-CA-shun)
the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human
4.6 repetition (re-pe-TISH-un)
using a word or phrase for effect, two or more times
4.7 rhetorical question (re-TOR-i-cal)
a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer
4.8 semantic field (SEM-an-TIC)
a lexical set of semantically related items, for example verbs of perception
4.9 simile (SI-mill-ee)
a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind; often using like or as
4.1 symbolism (SIM-bol-ism)
the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities
5.1 Jacobean era
Shakespeare was born in the Elizabethan era, named after Elizabeth I. After she died, James I became king. This period of history is called the Jacobean era, because Jacob is the Latin for James. Shakespeare lived and worked in both eras.
5.2 women in the Jacobean era
Women were considered to be subordinate to men. They had little or no rights at all. They could not even own a property in their name. A woman was supposed to obey her husband and help him in earning money for the survival of the family.
5.3 Witchcraft
Jacobean people were very religious and god fearing. However, they also believed in the existence of witches and witchcraft. Jacobean people looked up the witches as a person who causes harms to others or who destroys property and causes menace. King James I strongly believed that witches and witchcraft existed.
5.4 colonialism
The Christian kings of Europe once believed they were answerable to no one except God. This idea became known as the divine right of kings. They claimed that they had been chosen by God and were his representatives on Earth. These kings had absolute power and could do as they liked. They expected total obedience from the people they ruled. The idea that a king was God’s chosen representative reached its greatest extent in the 1600s. James I believed strongly in the divine right of kings.
7.1 subject
The subject is the part of a sentence of clause that indicates what the sentence is about or who is performing the action. The subject is typically a noun (the dog) a noun phrase (the giant spotty dalmatian) or a pronoun (he, she, they, it).
7.2 direct object
A direct object is the person or thing that is located after an action verb in a sentence. It will answer the question of who or what and will be a noun or a pronoun. An example would be: Jack caught a fish.
7.3 indirect object
An indirect object is the recipient of an action in a sentence and is indicated by a pronoun. An example would be: Give me the fish.
7.4 simple sentence
A simple sentence is a sentence that consists of just one independent clause. A simple sentence has no dependent clauses. (An independent clause (unlike a dependent clause) can stand alone as a sentence.)
7.5 compound sentence
A compound sentence joins two or more sentences that have related ideas of equal importance. The two sentences go together. Each sentence or independent clause must still have a subject and a verb.
7.6 complex sentence
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.
8.1 comma 1
a punctuation mark (,) separating items in a list
e.g. I play netball, basketball, hockey and football.
8.2 comma 2
commas are used to separate clauses in a sentence; subordinate clauses add extra detail to the main idea in a sentence and need a comma e.g. The team, preparing for their next game, were training outside.
8.3 comma 3
commas are used to punctuate direct speech by ‘introducing’ the speech.
e.g. The director shouted, “Action!”
8.4 semi -colon
commonly used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought - when a semicolon (;) joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank.
8.5 brackets
Brackets (parentheses) are punctuation marks used within a sentence to include information that is not essential to the main point. Information within parentheses is usually supplementary; were it removed, the meaning of the sentence would remain unchanged.
8.6 exclamation mark
The exclamation mark, (!) is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings, or to show emphasis. The exclamation mark often marks the end of a sentence, for example: “Watch out!”
