English vocabulary c1

Question 1

blubber
verb informal disapproving
UK /ˈblʌb.ər/ US /ˈblʌb.ɚ/

Answer 1

lloriquear, grasa de mamífero
the thick layer of fat under the skin of sea mammals, such as whales, that keeps them warm
Ex, eating raw seal blubber

Question 2

chip

noun

Answer 2

a counter representing a certain value, used in gambling
ficha
gaming chips.

Question 3

enclosure

noun

Answer 3

a small area of land that has a wall or fence around it
recinto
Verena Dasser coaxed into a laboratory adjoining a large outdoor enclosure.

Question 4

dreamlike

adjective

Answer 4

UK /ˈdriːm.laɪk/ US /ˈdriːm.laɪk/

as if in a dreamamlike quality to the final stages of the movie.
de ensueño
visual images of escenes and words once appeared involuntarily before him in a dreamlike state.

Question 5

convey

verb

Answer 5

UK /kənˈveɪ/ US /kənˈveɪ/
to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people:
His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion.
Please convey our condolences to the family.
[ + question word ] I tried to convey in my speech how grateful we all were for his help.
You don’t want to convey the impression that we’re not interested.
to take or carry someone or something to a particular place:
The goods are usually conveyed by rail.
Could you convey a message to Mr Merrick for me, please?
transmitir, comunicar

Question 6

start (sth) off

Answer 6

to begin by doing something, or to make something begin by doing something:
She started off the meeting with the monthly sales report.
I’d like to start off by thanking you all for coming today.
I’m going to start off by introducing two new members of staff.
He started off by summarizing Martin’s sales report.
He started off as a children’s entertainer.
I started off my career in a small company in Birmingham.
I started off the day well enough but I’m beginning to droop.

Question 7

at best

Answer 7

even when considered in the most positive way:

The food was bland at best, and at worst completely inedible.

Question 8

lit

Answer 8

past simple and past participle of light

Question 9

at any rate

Answer 9

whatever happens:
Well, I’m not going home on foot, at any rate.

something you say to show that you are going to say something more exactly:
I don’t think they liked my idea. At any rate, they weren’t very enthusiastic about it.
Ex, that’s clear at any rate.

Question 10

bottleneck

Answer 10

/ˈbɑt̬·əlˌnek/
a section of road where traffic moves slowly:
Traffic is causing a bottleneck on I-75.
A bottleneck is also any delay:
Bureaucratic bottlenecks delayed the project’s start.
“BOTTLENECK” EN INGLÉS DE NEGOCIOS
a problem that delays a process or stops it from continuing:
a legislative/funding bottleneck Barring a legislative bottleneck, the new law is expected to pass by the end of the year.
eliminate/avoid a bottleneck He urged the department to identify and eliminate bottlenecks.
a major/huge bottleneck.
embotellamiento, callejón sin salida.

Question 11

end to end

Answer 11

If things are end to end, they are all facing in the same direction, with the back end of each against the front end of the next one: The new cars were lined up end to end.
de extremo a extremo

Question 12

trudge

Answer 12

UK /trʌdʒ/ US /trʌdʒ/
to walk slowly with a lot of effort, especially over a difficult surface or while carrying something heavy:
We trudged back up the hill.
I’d had to trudge through the snow.
caminar penosamente
Ex, Daddy trudges upstairs to Junior’s bedroom to read him a bedtime story.

Question 13

coupling

Answer 13

UK /ˈkʌp.lɪŋ/ US /ˈkʌp.lɪŋ/
a device that joins two things together:
The carriage at the end of the train was left stranded when the coupling broke.
enganche, unión, unidad

Question 14

underbrush

Answer 14

a mass of bushes, small trees, and plants growing under the trees in woods or a forest.
maleza

Question 15

streamlined

Answer 15

/ˈstrim·lɑɪnd/
streamlined adjective (IMPROVED)
improved or made simpler:
a streamlined system
“STREAMLINED” EN INGLÉS DE NEGOCIOS
streamlined
adjective
UK /ˈstriːmlaɪnd/ US
MANAGEMENT
a streamlined business, process, activity, etc. has been made simpler and more effective by reducing costs, the number of people involved in it, etc.:
Thanks to new technologies, manufacturing has become more flexible, streamlined, and efficient, and has resulted in a higher quality of product.
Our streamlined approach has kept our costs between 20% and 25% lower than those of our competitors.
streamlined operations/procedures/processes
a streamlined structure/system a streamlined design or product has a smooth, attractive shape:
Our latest model has been revamped to give it a more modern, streamlined look.
ex, This streamlined version of phrase structure is called “the x bar theory”.

Question 16

append

Answer 16

UK /əˈpend/ US /əˈpend/
to add something to the end of a piece of writing:
The author appends a short footnote to the text explaining the point.
“APPEND” EN INGLÉS DE NEGOCIOS
append
verb [ T ] formal
UK /əˈpend/ US
to add something to a document:
append sth to sth A confidentiality agreement was appended to the contract of employment.
anexar, adjuntar

Question 17

mischief

Answer 17

ˈmɪs.tʃɪf/ US /ˈmɪs.tʃɪf/
behaviour, especially a child’s, that is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage:
She’s a lively little girl, full of mischief.
He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into mischief.
Maybe a new bike would keep him out of mischief.
I hope you haven’t been up to any mischief while I was gone.
[ U ] informal
damage or harm:
criminal mischief

Question 18

scramble

Answer 18

to put things such as words or letters in the wrong order so that they do not make sense:
He had a habit of scrambling his words when excited.
to mix eggs with a little milk and mix again as they are being fried
EX, and the speaker can scramble the words of the phrase all over the sentence.

Question 19

be neither one thing nor the other

Answer 19

to be a mixture of two different things, often things that do not combine well:
I prefer a book to be either fact or fiction - this one is neither one thing nor the other!

Question 20

bereft adj.

Answer 20

/bɪˈreft/ US /bɪˈreft/
not having something or feeling great loss:
Alone now and almost penniless, he was bereft of hope.
After the last of their children had left home the couple felt utterly bereft.
Compare
grieving
having to do without something or someone and suffering from the loss:
I do hope he won’t leave us utterly bereft of his wit and wisdom.
A purely abstract composition, it is entirely bereft of gimmicks or obvious stimuli.
The wife dies and the husband is left bereft.

Question 21

turnabout

noun [ C ]

Answer 21

ˈtɜːn.ə.baʊt/ US /ˈtɝːn.ə.baʊt/
a complete change from one situation or condition to its opposite:
How did the candidate explain the dramatic turnabout in his views on immigration?
giro total, cambio completo, giro en redondo

Question 22

be ahead of the curve

Answer 22

to be one of the first to change to a new idea or way of doing something that later becomes generally popular:
In equipping its vehicles with mobile WiFi, the company was ahead of the curve.
He was ahead of the curve in the early 1960s when he started promoting running for health.

Question 23

slot

noun [ C ]

Answer 23

UK /slɒt/ US /slɑːt/
slot noun [C] (LONG HOLE)
C1
a long, narrow hole, especially one for putting coins into or for fitting a separate piece into:
I put my money in the slot and pressed the button but nothing came out.
The holder has slots for 100 CDs.
C1
an amount of time that is officially allowed for a single event in a planned order of activities or events:
The programme will occupy that half-hour slot before the six o’clock news.

Question 24

wiggle room

noun [ U ]

Answer 24

/ˈwɪɡ.əl ˌruːm/ US /ˈwɪɡ.əl ˌruːm/
(mainly UK also wriggle room)
informal
the freedom or opportunity to do something, or to change your mind and do something differently if that is what is needed:
We need to leave ourselves some wiggle room when we’re negotiating the deal.
margen de maniobra
ex, also gives the speaker of a rigid-word-order like English a bit wiggle room

Question 25

paddle your own canoe

Answer 25

If you describe a person as paddling their own canoe, you mean that they are independent and do not need help from anyone else.

Question 26

realm

noun

Answer 26

/relm/ US  /relm/
realm noun [C] (AREA)
C2
an area of interest or activity:
Her interests are in the realm of practical politics.
the economic/political realm
the realm of art/literature/music
esfera, campo
ex, up in the what-is-being-asserted-of-what realm of the sentence.

Question 27

all the way to

Answer 27

as far as someone or something at a high level in a process or structure:
I’ll take my complaint all the way to the managing director.

Question 28

nor

conjunction

Answer 28

used before the second or last of a set of negative possibilities, usually after “neither”:
We can neither change nor improve it.
Strangely, neither Carlo nor Juan saw what happened.

Question 29

stranded

adjective

Answer 29

/ˈstræn.dɪd/ US /ˈstræn.dɪd/

C2
unable to leave somewhere because of a problem such as not having any transport or money:
He left me stranded in town with no car and no money for a bus.
If the tide comes in, we’ll be stranded on these rocks.
tirado
The carriage at the end of the train was left stranded when the coupling broke.

Question 30

be climbing the walls

Answer 30

to suffer unpleasant feelings, such as worry, in an extreme way:
to be climbing the walls with boredom/anger/frustration
When Joely went missing, we were practically climbing the walls.

Question 31

dazzle
verb
UK /ˈdæz.əl/ US /ˈdæz.əl/

Answer 31

C2 [ T ]
If light dazzles you, it makes you unable to see for a short time:
I was dazzled by the sunlight.

C2 [ T usually passive ]
If you are dazzled by someone or something, you think they are extremely good and exciting:
I was dazzled by his charm and good looks.

US /ˈdæz·əl/

to cause someone to feel strong admiration of something or someone:
He was dazzled by Rome’s architectural treasures.

A person or animal dazzled by a light cannot see because the light is too bright to look at.
ex, who could not be dazzled by the creative power od the mental grammar.

Question 32

drudge
noun
/drʌdʒ/ US /drʌdʒ/

Answer 32

a person who has to work hard at boring and unpleasant tasks and who is not respected by other people :
I feel like a real drudge - I’ve done nothing but clean all day!
esclava
ex, Johnson’s own dictionary define lexicographer as “a harmless drudge”

Question 33

up through

Answer 33

a traves de
Example: I played baseball up through college and university.

The phrase ‘up through college and university’ means throughout the whole time you were in those places. Notice the following.

I worked as a lawyer up through 2006.
I lived in Boston up through sixth grade.
So, ‘up through’ means ‘throughout’.

“(something) will be the topic of the following chapters up through Chapter 3” means that topic will be approached throughout Chapter 3, from the beginning to the end.

Question 34

coinage
noun
UK /ˈkɔɪ.nɪdʒ/ US /ˈkɔɪ.nɪdʒ/

Answer 34

coinage noun (NEW WORD)

[ C or U ]
(the inventing of) a new word or phrase in a language:
The expression “boy band” is a 1990s coinage.
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
ex, putting aside fanciful coinages concocted for inmortality in Guiness,

Question 35

stripped down
adjective
UK /ˌstrɪpt ˈdaʊn/ US /ˌstrɪpt ˈdaʊn/

Answer 35

Something that is stripped down has been reduced to its simplest form:
[ before noun ] I think the stripped-down version of your proposal has more chance of being accepted.
ex, most stripped-down example of anything we would want to call a rule of grammar.

Question 36

a nip (here) and a tuck (there)

Answer 36

a series of small reductions:

The department made a nip here and a tuck there, but they were still way over budget.

Question 37

a nod is as good as a wink

Answer 37

used to say that only a slight sign is needed for you to understand clearly what is meant by something or what is happening in a situation

Question 38

yield
verb
UK /jiːld/ US /jiːld/

Answer 38

yield verb (PRODUCE)

C2 [ T ]
to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information:
an attempt to yield increased profits
The investigation yielded some unexpected results.
Favourable weather yielded a good crop.
yield verb (GIVE UP)

[ I or T ]
to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to:
They were forced to yield (up) their land to the occupying forces.
Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory, they will not yield.
yield verb (BEND/BREAK)

[ I ] formal
to bend or break under pressure:
His legs began to yield under the sheer weight of his body.
 Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
yield verb (STOP)

[ I ] US
(UK give way)
to stop in order to allow other vehicles to go past, especially before you drive onto a bigger road:
If you’re going downhill, you need to yield to bikers going uphill.
ex, the stem Darwinian in turn can be fed into the suffixing rule to yield new stem Darwinianism.

Question 39

bona fide
adjective
UK /ˌbəʊ.nə ˈfaɪ.di/ US /ˌboʊ.nə ˈfaɪ.di/

Answer 39

real, not false:
Make sure you are dealing with a bona fide company.
ex, we do not find bona fide rules that build words according to predictable formulas.

Question 40

doggerel
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈdɒɡ.ər.əl/ US /ˈdɑː.ɡɚ.əl/

Answer 40

poetry that is silly or badly written

Question 41

fad
noun
UK /fæd/ US /fæd/

Answer 41

a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time:
the latest health fad
UK There was a fad for wearing ripped jeans a few years ago.

Question 42

quirkiness
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈkwɜː.ki.nəs/ US /ˈkwɝː.ki.nəs/

Answer 42

the quality of being unusual in an attractive and interesting way:
The actress’s interpretation of the character reflects her own delightful quirkiness.
But even in these works alone, what makes the whole phenomenon so fascinating is the quirkiness of the mixture.
peculiaridad
ex, irregularity in grammar seems like the epitome of human eccentricity and quirkiness.

Question 43

foretaste
noun [ S ]
UK /ˈfɔː.teɪst/ US /ˈfɔːr.teɪst/

Answer 43

something that gives you an idea of what something else is like by allowing you to experience a small example of it before it happens:
a foretaste of spring
The recent factory closures and job losses are just a foretaste of the recession that is to come.
an experience that lets you know in advance what something will be like:
Her job as an intern during the summer gave her a foretaste of the world of work.
adelanto
a foretaste of what will be offered to him later,

Question 44

steadfastly
adverb
UK /ˈsted.fɑːst.li/ /ˈsted.fəst.li/ US /ˈsted.fæst.li/

Answer 44

strongly and without stopping:
She was steadfastly in support of women’s rights.
steadfastly
While national leaders reluctantly accepted state reform, they steadfastly refused to consider any modification of their own highly centralised political party structures.
firmemente

Question 45

bubble up
— phrasal verb with bubble verb [ I ]
UK /ˈbʌb.əl/ US /ˈbʌb.əl/

Answer 45

to rise to the surface or become obvious:
She laughs, a tinkling musical child’s laugh, bubbling up out of her.
Interesting ideas about education and healthcare are bubbling up all over the country.

Question 46

creep in/creep into sth
— phrasal verb with creep verb [ I usually + adv/prep ]
UK /kriːp/ US /kriːp/
crept | crept

Answer 46

If mistakes creep in or creep into a piece of text, they are included despite efforts not to include them:
A few mistakes always creep in during the editing process.
One or two typing errors crept into the report.

to gradually start to be noticeable:
Doubts began to creep into my mind about the likely success of the project.

Question 47

latter-day
adjective [ not gradable ]
US /ˈlæt̬·ər ˌdeɪ/

Answer 47

being a new or recent form of a person or thing from the past:
He acts like a latter-day cowboy armed with ideas.

Latter-day can also mean of the present time:
To many journalists, his stand against the newspaper made him a latter-day hero.

Question 48

gaffer tape
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈɡæf.ə ˌteɪp/ US /ˈɡæf.ɚ ˌteɪp/

Answer 48

strong tape (= a long strip of material) that is sticky on one side, used for holding things in place:
The cables should be attached to the floor with gaffer tape so that nobody trips over them.

Question 49

shun
verb [ T ]
UK /ʃʌn/ US /ʃʌn/
-nn-

Answer 49

to avoid something:
She has shunned publicity since she retired from acting.

to ignore someone and not speak to that person because you cannot accept their behaviour, beliefs, etc.:
After the trial he was shunned by friends and family alike.

Question 50

cold shoulder
noun [ S ]
UK /ˌkəʊld ˈʃəʊl.dər/ US/ˌkoʊld ˈʃoʊl.dɚ/

Answer 50

an unfriendly attitude shown to someone or something, especially by intentionally ignoring or showing no interest in them:
His wife was angry and giving him the cold shoulder.
The young entrepreneur got a cold shoulder from the business establishment.