English VI Flashcards
Future will
Eventos futuros probables - It will snow this weekend
Decisiones o ideas espontáneas - I will pick you up tomorrow
Voluntad para hacer una actividad - They will repair my TV tomorrow
Dar órdenes - You will not go to the party!
Proponer o invitar algo - Will you marry me?
ESTRUCTURA
Sujeto + auxiliar will + verbo en infinitivo + complemento
Going to
Planes que es 100% seguro que van a ocurrir - I am going to present my final exams tomorrow
ESTRUCTURA
Sujeto + verbo to be + going to + verbo en infinitivo + complemento
Shall
Sugerencias
Solo se usa con los pronombres de la primera persona: I y we.
Una de las semejanzas que guarda con will es en las contracciones, ya que también es ‘ll, es decir: I shall never forget this present = I’ll never forget this present.
ESTRUCTURA
Sujeto + shall + verbo en infinitivo + complemento
Present continuos
Describir acciones que ocurren en el momento exacto en que se habla o escribe
You are studying English.
Establecer contextos. Hablar de situaciones generales, personales o sociales, que ocurren en la actualidad. En estos casos, se puede acompañar por adverbios como currently, lately o these days, entre otros.
She is working a lot lately.
Adelantar hechos, citas, eventos o acciones que ocurrirán en el futuro. Quien habla debe estar seguro de que ocurrirán.
They are going to the zoo next Saturday.
Mencionar hechos temporales.
Today is snowing, but yesterday was sunny.
- Describir acciones que ocurren constantemente. En estos casos la oración se refuerza con adverbios como always, forever, constantly, entre otros.
The birds are always singing since sunrise
Second Conditional
Se usa para plantear ideas irreales del presente o acciones en el futuro que resultan poco probables.
Opción 1: If + Condición (oración con verbo conjugado en past simple) + would + Resultado (oración con verbo en infinitivo).
–> If I won the lottery, I would buy a house (Si me ganara la lotería, me compraría una casa).
Opción 2: Resultado (oración con verbo en infinitivo) + would + if + Condición (oración con verbo conjugado en past simple).
–> You would speak Japanese if you lived in Japan (Tú hablarías japonés si vivieras en Japón).
DIDN’T
Third Conditional
El third conditional (o tercer condicional) plantea situaciones del pasado que no sucedieron. Es el tipo de oración más relacionada con el hubiera del subjuntivo del español.
Opción 1: If + Condición (oración con verbo conjugado en past perfect) + would have + Resultado (oración con verbo conjugado en pasado).
If I had studied medicine, I would have been a surgeon today (Si hubiera estudiado medicina, ahora sería un cirujano)
Opción 2: Resultado (oración con verbo conjugado en pasado) + would have + if + Condición (oración con verbo conjugado en past perfect).
I would not have been happy today if I had not studied music (No hubiera sido feliz hoy si no hubiera estudiado música).
Could have + past participle
Couldn’t have + past participle
means that something was possible in the past, or you had the ability to do something in the past, but that you didn’t do it. (See also modals of ability.)
I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.
They could have won the race, but they didn’t try hard enough.
Julie could have bought the book, but she borrowed it from the library instead.
means that something wasn’t possible in the past, even if you had wanted to do it.
I couldn’t have arrived any earlier. There was a terrible traffic jam (= it was impossible for me to have arrived any earlier).
He couldn’t have passed the exam, even if he had studied harder. It’s a really, really difficult exam.
We use could have + past participle
might have + past participle
when we want to make a guess about something that happened in the past. (See also modals of probability.) In this case, we don’t know if what we’re saying is true or not true. We’re just talking about our opinion of what maybe happened.
Why is John late?
He could have got stuck in traffic.
He could have forgotten that we were meeting today.
He could have overslept.
to mean the same thing:
He might have got stuck in traffic.
He might have forgotten that we were meeting today.
He might have overslept.
Should have + past participle
Shouldn’t have + past participle
can mean something that would have been a good idea, but that you didn’t do it. It’s like giving advice about the past when you say it to someone else, or regretting what you did or didn’t do when you’re talking about yourself.
means that something wasn’t a good idea, but you did it anyway.
I should have studied harder! (= I didn’t study very hard and so I failed the exam. I’m sorry about this now.)
I should have gone to bed early (= I didn’t go to bed early and now I’m tired).
I shouldn’t have eaten so much cake! (= I did eat a lot of cake and now I don’t feel good.)
We can also use should have + past participle to talk about something that, if everything is normal and okay, we think has already happened. But we’re not certain that everything is fine, so we use ‘should have’ and not the present perfect or past simple. It’s often used with ‘by now’.
His plane should have arrived by now (= if everything is fine, the plane has arrived).
John should have finished work by now (= if everything is normal, John has finished work).
We can also use this to talk about something that would have happened if everything was fine, but hasn’t happened.
Lucy should have arrived by now, but she hasn’t.
Would have + past participle
: Part of the third conditional.
If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car (but I didn’t have enough money, so I didn’t buy a car).
2: Because ‘would’ (and will) can also be used to show if you want to do something or not (volition), we can also use would have + past participle to talk about something you wanted to do but didn’t. This is very similar to the third conditional, but we don’t need an ‘if clause’.
I would have gone to the party, but I was really busy.
(= I wanted to go to the party, but I didn’t because I was busy. If I hadn’t been so busy, I would have gone to the party.)
I would have called you, but I didn’t know your number.
(= I wanted to call you but I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you.)
A: Nobody volunteered to help us with the fair
B: I would have helped you. I didn’t know you needed help.
