ENGLISH REV TIMELINE

Question 1

1625

Answer 1

March = James I dies

May = Charles marries Henrietta Maria

Nov = Cadiz expedition - costs totalled £250,000

Question 2

1626

Answer 2

FEB = York house conference - only outcome was it was clear Arminians had support of Charles

JUNE = HoC tried to impeach B for treason - C dissolved P

When dissolved, C used forced loan, billeted troops in civilian homes

Question 3

1627

Answer 3

La Rochelle - Failed attempt to support a Protestant rebellion - 3000 soldiers died

MARCH = 5 knights case against forced loan - issued clause 39 of magma carta

Question 4

1628

Answer 4

C recalled Parliament

Petition of right - should be no imprisonment without trial, should be no taxation without consent, forced billeting of soldiers not allowed
- C agreed in June 1628

HoC began attacking Charles’s Armenian advisors (Laud) + B - C dissolved (June 26th)

AUGUST = B assassinated

Question 5

1629

Answer 5

JANUARY = P assembled

P began complaining of spreading of Arminianism + T&P

MARCH = Eliot issued 3 resolutions:

1. Denouncement of Arminianism advisors
2. Statement announcing levying of T&P unacceptable
3. Those who paid T&P enemies

C sent black rod to dissolve

Question 6

1630 (Personal rule)

Answer 6

JANUARY = Distraint of knighthood - brought in over £100,000 by end of year

• Also levied forest laws + monopolies
• Treaty of Madrid, ended hostilities with Spain

NOVEMBER = Leighton brought before Star Chamber for petition demanding abolition of Episcopacy

Question 7

1632

Answer 7

Prune = adopted militant form of Puritanism and began publishing pamphlets critical of Arminian doctrine of Anglican Church

• also Histiromastix

Question 8

1633

Answer 8

JULY - Wentworth appointed Lord Deputy in Ireland
- He introduced measures that increased trade, industry and agric. Increased customs revenue by x3

AUGUST - Laud appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Initiated a vigorous campaign to restore wealth of church and impose uniformity of worship - Catholic suspicion grew

Question 9

1634

Answer 9

First ship money writs requested on coastal towns to provide shops
1635- it was extended to inland areas

Question 10

1637

Answer 10

NOVEMBER - Hampden prosecuted for refusing to pay Ship Money

• 3 high profile Puritans who resisted Laud’s reforms presented for trial in Star Chamber (Bastwick, Prynne + Burton)
• Book of common prayer - C firmly in a mind to extend Anglican forms to Scotland

Question 11

1638

Answer 11

Task of drawing up National Covenant against Prayer Book

• Called for rejection of “innovations” in religion
• Covenanter movement brewed

Question 12

1639

Answer 12

Taxpayers strike - (35-36) just under 98% of expected revenue was collected

• In 39’ only 20% was collected
• C embarked on Bishops war. Many taxpayers sympathised with Scots as fellow Protestants

1st Bishops War: Lack of funds, army was untrained. Led to Pacification of Berwick as an end to the war

Question 13

1640 PART 1

Answer 13

APRIL - Short parliament

• P discussed nations concerns over the King’s religious reforms + tax methods
• Pym gave 2 hour speech
• P’s hostility + rumours they were in communication with Covenanters - C announced dissolution (May 40’)

AUG - Covenanter army massed on border with ENG was 20,000 strong

Battle of Newburn - overwhelmed, most English fled toward Newcastle. Leslie ordered not to pursue fleeing troops.

30th AUG - Covenanters marched into Newcastle. Treaty of Rippon signed shortly afterward, had to pay Scots £850 per day

NOVEMBER - Called Long P

Question 14

1641 PART 2

Answer 14

By Aug, ‘middle group’ emerged in C & L.
The opposition drew up 10 propositions to be considered by Charles
-10 P: C should delay visit to Scotland, C should remove Catholic priests from the Queens service

OCT = Irish rebellion - reported that 200,000 were killed, genuine fear spread of English Catholics were rising to join the Irish

Impact in ENG: (Militia Bill) Proposed that a Lord-General should be appointed to command the militia. Passed by 158-125

NOVEMBER = (GR)

• Grievances listed over financial + religious matters
• A demand that parliament should approve C’s ministers
• A request that bishops to be deprived of their votes in HoC
• Call for P to have more control over military

Question 15

1641 PART 3

Answer 15

NOV= HoL passed remonstrance by 159-148 votes
Opponents formed a royalist party

By end of 1641:
- C felt strong to assert his authority
Due to: welcoming crowds greeted him when he returned to London from Scotland
- Close nature of recent votes in P (GR & Militia bill)

Question 16

1642

Answer 16

5 members incident: catalyst for action was from impeachment of 12 bishops
-(JAN) C entered commons with escort
-(AFTERMATH) London mob surged street, rumour spread that C was advancing with 1500
SLIDE TO WAR:
(MARCH) C issued militia ordinance, C responded with commission of Array
(JUNE) P issued 19 propositions as settlement: P to be responsible for defence of the country, P to supervise all foreign policy, king to publicly pardon 5 members - C rejected
(AUG) C declared war at Nottingham

Question 17

1642 PART 2

Answer 17

(OCT) 1st major battle at Edgehill, 25,000 troops involved, limitations of both sides shown:

• London road left open, but Royalists failed to capitalise on P army disintegration
• C decided not to march in London immediately

Question 18

1643

Answer 18

Treaty of Oxford didn’t materialise as C felt he was in strong position & couldn’t accept P’s demands for abolition of Bishops

(JUNE) Adwalton Moor: Was the year of great royalist advances - much of the North fell to the king + ports

(SEPT) Solemn league & covenant
Promise to establish pres church in Eng, Scots provided 20,000 troops

Question 19

1644

Answer 19

(JULY) Battle of Marston Moor
- Royalists defeated - York surrendered, most of North under P’s control

DIVISIONS
(OCT) Battle of Newbury, P failed, despite outnumbering 2:1. ‘Peace’ tactics were to blame - led to the Self-Denying Ordinance (MPs had to resign military commands)

Question 20

1645

Answer 20

(JAN) Uxbridge treaty 
'Peace' party demand:
- SL&C to be taken by the king
- Bishops to be abolished in U.K.
-P to control key military appointments

(FEB) New Model Army - national force of 21,000, member deeply religious (zeal)

LEVELLERS: Lilburne denounced MPs who lived in comfort while soldiers died on battlefield. W.Walwyn defended L, advocated complete religious freedom for all

(JUNE) Battle of Naseby - NMA outnumbered Royalists 2:1 - Victory

(JULY) Battle of Langport - Royalists defeated. Bristol taken by P

Question 21

1646

Answer 21

(JAN) Longest war (15 months) ended -Seige of Chester

(JULY) Newcastle propositions

• P would nominate key officers to state
• P would control militia for 20 yrs
• Bishops abolished & pres church for 3 yrs
• King’s peace treaty with Irish to be annulled and war in IRE to resume under P

P & Scots - 2 major disagreements

• Custody of king
• Scots believed that due to SL&C (43’) the ENG church should be modelled on Pres system

C handed to Scots: Scots knew he wouldn’t agree to demands for full Pres church of ENG + resentment due to fact that C had been in secret contact with Scots since start of 46’ from MPs

Question 22

1647

Answer 22

DIVS IN P
Pres beliefs: Wanted an end to episcopacy & replace with Pres system. Bishops replaced with assembly. Wanted disbanding of NMA

Extent of divs (46-47’)
-Pres boosted by C into their custody (Jan)
-Pres, in Dec 46’, petition from London demanded P disband the army due to too many radicals
-Since Pym’s death, ‘middle group’ favoured settlement like the Pres but didn’t want to deal with inflexible C
-Levellers active in London, issued petition in MARCH stating the nation was still oppressed
(Agitators) soldiers wanted bigger say
(JUNE) Army revolt, Joyce kidnapped King from Pres

Question 23

1647 PART 2

Answer 23

(Mid Aug) I + army were in position of strength. During initial stages of Army revolt, there we’re unity between officers & rank of file soldiers - this changed with heads of proposals:

• Triennial Act to be replaced with biennial parliaments
• P would nominate key officers of state for 10 yrs
• P would control militia for 10 yrs
• Continued use of Bishops in church - C accepted

(OCT) Putney debates
Leveller influence more pronounced + many wanted more radical doc than heads of proposals
-Radicals demanded complete religious freedom & annual P’s elected by all adult males
-Ireton (Grandees) countered with claim that voters must be men of property
(ENGAGEMENT) On Isle of Wight, C was approached by envoys from SCO. Accepted R on 26th Dec(modified version of Newcastle P) in return for military assistance, C agreed to establish a Pres church in ENG for 4 yrs