English quest #1

Question 1

Aristotle birth and death

Answer 1

384 BC to 322 BC

Question 2

Aristotle’s job

Answer 2

Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist

Question 3

Who is Aristotle considered as?

Answer 3

One of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology, ethics, and more

Question 4

When Aristotle was 17, what did he do?

Answer 4

He enrolled into Plato’s Academy

Question 5

Did he tutor?

Answer 5

Yes, he tutored Alexander the Great in 338

Question 6

What did he do after tutoring?

Answer 6

In 335, Aristotle founded his own school

Question 7

What is the name of the school Aristotle found?

Answer 7

The Lyceum, which is in Athens. He spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing

Question 8

What are some of his notable works?

Answer 8

Nichomachean Ethics, politics, metaphysics, poetics and prior analytics

Question 9

Quote the Origin of the Language of Appeals

Answer 9

“The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else’s. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided the means of persuasion, appeals, into three categories–Ethos, Pathos, Logos.”

Question 10

What was Aristotle particularly interested in?

Answer 10

rhetoric and how people can both persuade and be persuaded

Question 11

Definition of rhetoric

Answer 11

the art of speaking or writing effectively

Question 12

What is rhetoric triangle

Answer 12

its a method to organize the three elements of rhetoric, as outlined by Aristotle. The elements (ethos, pathos, logos), are arranged on a triangle, with logos at the top, and ethos and pathos at the bottom corners. The elements play a crucial role in any argument you write or analyze. Each appeal is equally important and can be used simultaneously. Appeals can also affect each other.

Question 13

Ethos

Answer 13

definition: an appeal that relies on the expertise knowledge, and credibility of the persuader

Ethos is an effective persuasive strategy because when we believe that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, we are more willing to listen to what they have to say

Question 14

How can ethos be achieved?

Answer 14

• the presenter being a notable figure in their field (like a doctor, dentist, teacher, lawyer)
• by demonstrating mastery of their field/topic discussed
• By being introduced by other established authorities (reputable magazines or brands)
• by being considered a respected or credible source

Question 15

Ethos in relation to ethics

Answer 15

Origin: ethos is related to the English word ethics and refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the speaker/writer

Ethics basically refers to the act of determining what is morally right or wrong

When someone is trying to persuade you, and you feel that you share the same ethics as that person, you may be more inclined to agree with them
example: celebrity endorsements

Question 16

Logos

Answer 16

Definition: the logic behind an argument

Logos tries to persuade an audience using facts, figures, and data that support the speaker’s claims or thesis

enhances ethos because the information makes the speaker look knowledgeable and prepared, sometimes the information can be exaggerated, misleading or inaccurate

Logos appeals rely on the audience’s intelligence to persuade them. The “logical argument”

Education causes audiences to be more skeptical of emotional arguments and more receptive to logos

Can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument. persuading by the use of reasoning

Question 17

Pathos

Answer 17

The appeal to the audience’s emotions, can be in the form of metaphor, simile, a passionate delivery, or even a simple claim that a matter is unjust, can be particularly powerful if used well

Most effective when the author demonstrates agreement with the underlying values of the audience; speakers may use pathos to appeal to fear in order to sway the audience

Language choice affects the audience’s emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument

They may be any emotions: love, fear, patriotism, guilt, hate or joy

Question 18

Examples of logos

Answer 18

Arguments
benefits
facts
figures
data
numbers
statistics
scientific research
processes
product characteristics

Question 19

Examples of ethos

Answer 19

personal anecdotes (why me?)
client testimonials
success stories
track record
titles

Delivery:
eye contact
body language
vocal variety
poise

Question 20

Examples of pathos

Answer 20

Stories
positive and negative emotions like frustration, anger, love, or respect

delivery:
coherence (body language and voice are coherent with the specific content)

Question 21

Allegory

Answer 21

narrative in which the characters and sometimes the setting represent general concepts and ideas

Example: Fables in which personified animals are used allegorically to teach lessons of human conduct (e.g. “The Tortoise and the Hare”

Question 22

Alliteration

Answer 22

stylistic device identified by the repeated sound of the first consonant in a series of multiple words

Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

Question 23

Allusion

Answer 23

reference to a person, place, event, or thing from history, mythology, literature

Types: historical; classical/mythological; literary; topical

Question 24

Amplification

Answer 24

When a writer makes a point twice in a row, with greater emphasis, details, or explanation the second time (thus amplifying it)

Example: love, real love, takes time

Question 25

Anadiplosis

Answer 25

the repetition of the last word of a preceding clause; the word is used at the end of a sentence or clause, then at the beginning of the next sentence or clause

Example: “…you must make every effort to support your faith with goodness, and goodness with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with endurance, and endurance with godliness, and godliness with mutual affection, and mutual affection with love”

Question 26

Analogy

Answer 26

Using something well known to draw or develop an understanding of a lesser-known or unfamiliar concept

Example: comparing an anthill to an urban centre helps to convey the fact that anthills are heavily populated, busy, and have regular patterns of activity and movement

Question 27

Anaphora

Answer 27

the repetition of words (plural) or phrases at the beginning of a group of sentences or clauses (can sound rhythmic)

Example: Martin Luther King Jr.’s powerful repeptition of “I have a dream…” at the beginning of several lines in his famous speech at the Washington monument in 1963 (repeated 6 times)

Question 28

Anecdote

Answer 28

a short, amusing or interesting story, especially one that is true

Question 29

Antithesis

Answer 29

a contrast made clear by using contrasting language; using language to emphasize the difference between two opposite ideas or things

Example: “unlike short-sighted, egocentric humans, God “sees with equal eye” the fall of a hero and a sparrow, the destruction of an atom or a solar system.”

Question 30

Bias

Answer 30

an opinion or influence that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group or series

Question 31

Conduplicato

Answer 31

type of repetition in which the key word(s) in a phrase, clause, or sentence are repeated at or near the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. (seems more random, focuses on a single word or phrase)

Example: “I am filled with a profound and abiding gratitude to the American people. Gratitude is a word that I cherish. Gratitude is what defines the humanity of the human being”

Question 32

Connotation

Answer 32

The associated meanings a word implies or suggests; personal meaning attaches to a word

Example: home connotes intimacy, privacy, coziness

The word ‘cool’ connotes acceptance or agreement; admiration or approval

Question 33

Figurative language

Answer 33

the use of language to produce images or recall memories in a reader’s mind

Types: metaphor; simile; personification; hyperbole

Question 34

denotation

Answer 34

the thing or situation to which a word specifically refers; the definition in the dictionary

Example: the word ‘home’ denotes the place where a person lives; a dwelling place

The word ‘cool’ is defined as moderately cold’ neither warm nor cold in temperature

Question 35

parallelism

Answer 35

The repetition of specific words, phrases, or clauses in a sries, giving emphasis to key words and making them memorable; ideas which are parallel in thought should be parallel in form

Example: “…government of the people, by the people, for the people…” (preposition, definite article, and noun repeated)

Question 36

repetition

Answer 36

repeating sounds, words, phrases; used for emphasis and rhythm

Example: “There is no mistake; there has been no mistake; and there shall be no mistake”

Question 37

Reversals

Answer 37

Making a balanced sentence even more memorable by repeating the words in reverse order

Example: “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”

Question 38

Rhetorical question

Answer 38

a question posed whose answer is already known or implied

example: “can fish swim?”

Question 39

Satire

Answer 39

ridicule, irony, or sarcasm in speech or writing (or media); a novel, play, etc. that ridicules people’s hypocrisy pr foolishness

Question 40

Understatement (litotes)

Answer 40

A figure of speech wherein understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating a negative or further affirm a positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect; this can create a reverse effect and add a touch of irony by making the fact seem less significant

Example: he’s no genius. (meaning he’s an idiot)