English Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
Ethics
nature of the soul
Politics
cure of the soul
Rhetoric
persuasion of the soul
Poetics
images that move the soul
Extreme of Justice
truly just man who appears unjust
Extreme of unjustice
unjust man who appears just
Xenia
Greek custom of hospitality; guest-host relationship
Kleos
Undying glory
Cephalus
speaking the truth and paying back what is owed
Polymarchus
doing good to friends and harming enemies
Thrasymachus
the advantage of the stronger
rule of one
(love)
rule of few
(virtue)
rule of many
(liberty)
benefit of all benefits of ruler (corrupt)
monoarchy tryanny
aristocracy oligarchy
polity democracy
City of utmost nessessity
one man, one art, basic bodily needs
Feverish city
luxuries added; not just; need to be purged
Purged city
must educate the guardians so they don’t enslave the people
rulers
wisdom
guardians
courage
moneymakers
moderation
everyone minds his own business
justice
Why is justice good in itself?
- Just city and individual are wise, courageous, moderate, and just.
- Each part if the city and soul mind its own business
- Just soul and city are health and harmonious
- unjust city is unhealthy
Why a person can’t establish just city an earth
1.Philosophers must rule, but he don’t want to; he must be forced
2. If a philosopher rules you no longer have one man art
3. Rulers must lie – Myth of the metals – yet philosophers hate lies
4. Eugenics - reproduction must be controlled
5. Poets are no longer allowed in the city; Plato is a poet
6. Everyone over the age 10 has to leave the city
7. It has censorship
Myth of the Metals
All people are born on Earth and earth is their mother and their all brothers. Gods put gold in the souls of ruler. Gods put silver in the souls of the guardians.
God put bronze and iron in souls of Farmers and craftsmen. Because of this no one should try to be a different class.
What is the allegory of the ship of state
The city or state is like a ship.The sailors (politicans) are arguing over who should rule. The ship owner is in competent. The star gazer (philosopher) is the only one competent sailors don’t think he is capable because he is always looking at the stars.
What are the crimes of the suitors in The Odyssey
Lack of respect for the prophets (and the gods)
Lack of respect of the elderly
Lack of respect for the xenia
What are the characteristics of Epic and apply them to The Iliad and the Odyssey
Invocation of the muse poets ask Muse to inspire him to write a poem
Catalogue list of ships from different cities and their leaders
presence of Supernatural Athena Zeus and hair all involved directly in the war
begins in Medias res Begins the 9th year of the war in the middle of things
lofty or Elegant Style
stock epithets white armed Hera swift-footed Achilles
significant to a nation’s history Trojan War fall of Troy
long narrative poem dealing with a hero or Journey treasure more Achilles Hector Etc
Odysseus’s journey home
epic simile Odyssey Odysseus sharing his bow compared to a musician playing a lyre
What are the two fates of Achilles?
If you return to battle he will have a short life with honor
if he goes home he will have a long life but he will not be remembered
he chose short life with Glory
Odysseus meets Achilles in the underworld in the middle of the Odyssey chiastic pattern always makes the middle of the story the most significant part
Achilles said that he better to live and be the slave of the poorest farmer then forte all the dead
Homer appears to criticize the values of the kelos and his Society
