Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bible > Biology Midterm Study Guide > Flashcards

Biology Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Conclusion, Communication of Results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Science vs Engineering

A

Science focuses on understanding natural phenomenon well engineering focuses on creating solutions using that understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Claim

A

a statement or conclusion answering a question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Evidence

A

Data supporting the claim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reasoning

A

explanation of how the evidence supports the claim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Independent Variable

A

The factor you change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dependent variable

A

The factor you measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DRY Mix

A

D- dependent variable on Y-axis
M- manipulated (independent) variable is on the x axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Constant

A

Factors kept the same across experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Control Group

A

the baseline group for comparison not exposed to the experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Qualitative

A

decriptive data (colors, texture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Quantitive

A

numerical data (height, weight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Biology

A

the study of life and living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

8 characteristics of Living organism

A

Made of cells, use energy, respond to stimuli, grow, reproduce, adapt, maintain homeostasis, and have a metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Structure of a Coral

A

hard skeleton made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reproduction of a Coral

A

both sexual (spawning) and asexual (fragmentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Importance of the Corals

A

essential for marine biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Threats to Corals

A

Coral Bleaching, Ocean acidification, pollution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in external conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)

A

A chemical compound found in corals, responsible for their hard skeletons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coral Bleaching

A

A phenomenon where corals lose their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), often due to stress from factors like increased water temperature, leading to a loss of color and potential coral death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ocean Acidification

A

The decrease in the pH of the ocean caused by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fragmentation

A

A form of asexual reproduction where a coral breaks into smaller pieces, each of which can grow into a new individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spawning

A

The release of eggs and sperm into the water by corals (and other organisms) for external fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close, long-term interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, parasitic, or commensal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ecology

A

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Biotic

A

Living components (animals, plants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living components (temperature, water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Habitat

A

Where an organism lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Niche

A

The role an organism plays in its ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Symbiosis

A

Close interaction between species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits, the other is harmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits, the other is unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Predation

A

One organism (predator) eats another (prey).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Competition

A

Organisms vie for the same resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Biodiversity

A

Variety of life; important for ecosystem resilienc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

HIPPCO

A

Habitat Destruction
Invasive Species
Pollution
Population Growth
Climate Change
Overexploitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Generalist

A

Can thrive in a variety of environments (e.g., raccoons).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Specialist

A

Thrive in specific conditions (e.g., pandas).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Autotroph

A

Organisms that produce their own food (e.g., plants).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organisms that consume other organisms (e.g., animals).

43
Q

Trophic Levels

A

Levels in a food chain (producers, consumers, decomposers).

44
Q

10% Rule

A

Only 10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level.

45
Q

Water Cycle

A

Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Runoff
Transpiration
Sublimation
Aquifer

46
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, fossil fuels.

47
Q

Human Impact in the Water and Carbon Cycles

A

Pollution, deforestation.

48
Q

Invasive Species

A

Non-native species that harm ecosystems (e.g., Cane Toad in Australia).

49
Q

Keystone Species

A

Species that have a large impact on their ecosystem (e.g., wolves in Yellowstone).

50
Q

Evaporation

A

The process where water changes from liquid to gas (vapor) due to heat.

51
Q

Precipitation

A

Water released from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

52
Q

Condensation

A

The process where water vapor cools and changes back into liquid droplets, forming clouds.

53
Q

Runoff

A

Water that flows over the surface of the land into bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans

54
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The movement of water through soil and porous rock into underground reservoirs.

55
Q

Infiltration

A

The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

56
Q

Aquifer

A

An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water.

57
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

58
Q

Respiration

A

The process by which organisms convert glucose and oxygen into energy, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a byproduct.

59
Q

Sedimentation

A

The process by which particles settle to the bottom of a liquid, forming layers of sediment.

60
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Natural fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).

61
Q

Combustion

A

The process of burning fossil fuels, releasing energy, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water vapor.

62
Q

Extraction

A

The process of removing fossil fuels from the Earth for human use.

63
Q

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

A

A greenhouse gas produced by respiration, combustion, and decomposition, contributing to global warming.

64
Q

Fertilizers

A

Substances added to soil to provide nutrients for plant growth, but can lead to water pollution if used excessively.

65
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Atoms share electrons.

66
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weaker bond, occurs between water molecules due to partial charges.

67
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants release water vapor.

68
Q

Percolation

A

Water filters into groundwater.

69
Q

Human Impact on the Water Cycle

A

Pollution and deforestation disrupt the cycle.

70
Q

Polarity

A

Water has slight positive and negative charges, attracting other molecules.

71
Q

Universal Solvent

A

Water dissolves many substances.

72
Q

Surface Tension

A

Water molecules create a “film” on surfaces.

73
Q

Cohesion

A

the action or fact of forming a united whole

74
Q

Adhesion

A

the action or process of adhering to a surface or object.

75
Q

Density of Ice

A

Ice is less dense, so it floats.

76
Q

Specific Heat

A

Water absorbs heat slowly, stabilizing environments.

77
Q

Importance of Carbon

A

Carbon forms the backbone of all living organisms

78
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Releases carbon dioxide (CO₂)

79
Q

Decomposition

A

Dead organisms return carbon to the environment

80
Q

Fossilization

A

Dead material becomes fossil fuels

81
Q

Combustion

A

Burning fossil fuels releases CO₂.

82
Q

Major Macromolecules
Elements

A

Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CNOPS).

83
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provide energy; found in sugars and starches.

84
Q

Lipids

A

Store energy, make up cell membranes (fats and oils).

85
Q

Proteins

A

Build body structures, speed up reactions.

86
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA and RNA store genetic info.

87
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Protein deficiency.

88
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency.

89
Q

Diabetes

A

Blood sugar imbalance.

90
Q

High Blood Pressure

A

Linked to high salt/fat.

91
Q

Obesity

A

From excess calorie intake

92
Q

Enzymes

A

speed up chemical reactions

93
Q

Examples of Enzymes

A

Lactase (breaks down lactose), Pepsin (digests protein), Amylase (breaks down carbs).

94
Q

Example of Enzymes for Labs during class

A

Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide; bromelain breaks down proteins in jello.

95
Q

Monomer

A

Small building blocks of a larger structure

96
Q

Polymer

A

larger structure of small building blocks

97
Q

Saturated Fat

A

a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules without double bonds, considered to be less healthy in the diet than unsaturated fat

98
Q

Unsaturated Fat

A

a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules with at least one double bond, considered to be healthier in the diet than saturated fat.

99
Q

Amino Acid

A

Building block of proteins.

100
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building block of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).

101
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water breaks down molecules

102
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Water is removed to join molecules.

103
Q

What are two Biogeochemical Cycles

A

Water Cycle and Carbon Cycle

Bible (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions