English Literature Flashcards
Kennings
Traditional unique figures of speech
Elegy
A lament of what was lost or someone lost
Caesuric
Characteristics of old English poetry
… filled with pauses
2 types of old English poetry
Heroic( Germanic pagan myth)
- Christian
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
Germanic Kennings Caesuric Alliteration Repetition Rapid narrative style Allegorical Exhorative a coutionary tale Didactic: intended to teach a story Sapiential: wisdom writing
Book of Exeter
.Old English . Deor's lament . The Wife's Lament . The Seafearer . The wanderer
Venerable Bede
. “The Father of English history”
. Translated the Caedmon Hymn in his book
. “The Ecclesiastical history of the British Nation”
CAEDMON
. Earliest English poet whose name is known
. Animal caretaker who became a monk
. CAEDMONS HYMN ( translated by Venerable Bede)
CYNEWULF
.old English
750-825
ELENE FATE OF THE APOSTLE THE ASCENSION (CHRIST II) JULIANA DREAM OF THE ROOD
KING ALFRED THE GREAT
“The father of English prose”
. THE ANGLO SAXON CHRONICLES
poems include
.THE BATTLE OF BRUNSANBURH
. THE BATTLE OF MALDON
AELFRIC ( c.955-1020)
Known for sermons and biblical translations
Old English prose
WULFSTAN (d. 1023)
A Bishop of London
53 sermons
WULF’S SERMON TO THE ENGLISH
BEOWULF
.Old English
.The oldest surviving epic poem
.8th - 11th century
.author unknown
Geoffrey of Mammouth
. history of the kings of England
.main character King Arthur
MEDIEVAL ENGLISH
. 13th/14th century
.Post Norman/French conquest
.English no longer used by the Aristocracy/ French instead
. English spoken by the middle/ lower classes
. Had the addition of other foreign languages
JOHN WYCLIFFE
THE WYCLIFFE BIBLE (1382-1385)
Medieval English
. Began the the Lollards movement that preached to people in their native.
THE PEARL POET
Allegorical
Middle English poet
Alliterative
Dream vision
THE PEARL ( poem)
PURITY
PATIENCE
SIR GWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT
WILLIAM LANGLAND
Middle English
PIERS PLOWMAN
a dream vision quest for salvation
Geoffrey Chaucer
.Middle English
THE BOOK OF THE DUCHESS PARLIAMENT OF FOWLS TROILUS AND CRESIDA THE HOUSE OF FAME THE LEGEND OF GOOD WOMEN THE CANTEBURY TALES
REVIEW THE TALES
REVIEW THE TALES
SIR THOMAS MALORY
Le Morse d’ Arthur
When April’s gentle rains have pierced the drought
Of March right to the root, and bathed each sprout
Through every vein with liquid of such power
It brings forth the engendering of the flower;
When Zephyrus too with his sweet breath has blown 5
Canterbury Tales, Chaucer
Who is the father of English history ( the ecclesiastical history of the English people)
Venerable bede
FATES OF THE APOSTLES
JULIANA
ELENE
CHRIST II
Cynewulf
SIR THOMAS MORE
Utopia
Sir Phillip Sidney
The countess of pembroke’s Arcadia
. The Defence of Poesy
. Astrophel and Stella ( first true sonnet)
Sir Walter Raleigh
The nymphs Reply to the Sheperd
.The Lie
.Farewell False Love
.Song of myself
Euphues the Anotomy of Wit
John Wily
Pandosto The Triumph of Time
A notable Discovery of Cosenage
Robert Greene
The first picaresque novel
Unfortunate Traveler ( Thomas Nashe)
.Novum Organum .Advancement of Learning . marriage and Single life . On ambition Father o empiriscm
Francis Bacon
The King James Bible
William Tyndale
Brought sonnet to England
Sir Thomas wyatt
First to to use blank verse in English
Henry Howard
Lo I the man, whose Muse whilome did maske,
As time her taught in lowly Shepheards weeds,
Am now enforst a far unfitter taske,
For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds,
And sing of Knights and Ladies gentle deeds;
Whose prayses having slept in silence long,
Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds
To blazon broad emongst her learned throng:
Fierce warres and faithful loves shall moralize my song.
Helpe then, O holy Virgin chiefe of nine,
Thy weaker Novice to performe thy will,
The Farrie queen ( Edmund Spenser)
The Cavalier poets were also called and why
A playful tone The tribe of Ben Supported King Charles Opposed puritans Carpe diem
Who were the cavaliers
Robert Hedrick
Thomas Carew
Sir John Suckiling
Richard Lovelace
” To The Virgins make much of Time”
Robert Herrick
” gather ye rosebuds while he may”
Robert Herrick
To the virgins make much of Time
. carina’s going a Maying
. upon Julia’s Clothes
“Ask me no more where Jove Bestows”
Thomas Carew
Sir John Suckling
"Why so Pale and Wan , Fair Lover" "Song" "I pray thee Send back my heart" " Ballad upon a wedding" " The constant Lover"
“Lucasta going to the war”
Richard Lovelace
Metaphysical poets characteristics
.mix of passion and religion
. Use of conceits
Who were the metaphysical poets
.John Donne
. George Hebert
. Richard crashaw
.henry Vaughan
John Donne (1572-1631)
" Go and Catch a Falling Star" "The Indifferent" "A valediction Forbidding Mourning" "The Flea" "Death Be not proud" " The sun Rising" "Love's Growth" " The Canonization" "A burnt ship"
John Milton
Lycidas
Paradise Lost
When I consider How my light is Spent
Paradise Regained
“To His Coy Mistress”
Andrew Marvell
The first blank verse drama
And first true English tragedy
Gorboduc or Ferrex and Porrex
Written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton
Interludes were
Secular plays
First English use of the devise of girls dressing as boys
John Lyly’s Galatea
First romantic comedy
George Peele’s The old wives Tale
characters: King Arthur Belphoebe Orgoglio Redcrosse Gloriana
The Faerie Queen by Spenser
Characters: Bucking ham Clarence Dorset, Rivers, Gray Anne
Richard III
Hotspur Falstaff Henry Percy Owning Glyndwr Prince Harry
Henry the IV
Antipholus of Syracuse Antipholus of Ephesus Dromio of Syracuse Dromio of Ephesus Adriana
Comedy of errors
Puck Oberon Tatiana Lysander Hernia Egeus Demetrius Helen Thesus Hypolitta Nick Bottom
A midsummer night dream
Katherine Petruchio Bianca Baptista Lucento
Taming of The Shrew
Brutus Mark Anthony Cassius Portia Calpurnia
Julia’s Caesar
Come live with me and be my love,
And we will all the pleasures prove,
That Valleys, groves, hills, and fields,
Woods, or steepy mountain yields.
The passionate shepherd to his love, by Christopher Marlowe
Best known Middle English morality play
Allegorical “Everyman” (1470)
Shylock Portia Antonio Bassanio Gratiano
The Merchant of Venice
Beatrice Benedict Claudio Hero Borachio
Much ADO ABOUT NOTHING
Rosalind Orlando Duke senior Jacques Celia
AS YOU LIKE IT
Viola Orsino Olivia Sebastian Malvolio Feste Sir Andrew Aguecheek Sir Toby belch
Twelfth Night
Prosperous Miranda Ariel Caliban Ferdinand Alonso
The Tempest
Romeo Juliet Friar Lawrence Mercutio Paris Lady Capulet
Romeo and Juliet
Claudius Gertrude Polonius Horatio Ophelia Laertes Rosencrantz and guildenstern
Hamlet
Christopher Marlowe
Dr Fautus
The jew of malta
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun…
William shakespeare…Sonnet 130
Ben Johnson ( “comedy of humours”
Every Man in his Humours
Volpone, the fox
The Alchemist
Life is but a walking shadow… signifying nothing
Macbeth
Thomas Carew
( cavalier poet) Know Celia An elegie upon the death of the deane of pauls Dr. John Donne A rapture
Desdemona Iago Cassio Emilia Roderigo
Othello
Goneril Regan Gloucester Edgar Kent Albany
King Lear
Banquo Duncan Fleance Donalbain and malcolm Macduff
Macbeth
This writer is famous for a series of love letters written between 1647 and 1654
Dorothy Osborne to William Temple
JOHN BUNYAN
Pilgrims Progress
APHRA BEHN
Oroonoko
The Rover
Love letters between a nobleman and his sister
JOHN DRYDEN
Named poet laureate
GULLIVERS TRAVEL
Jonathan swift
JONATHAN SWIFT
Gullivers travels
A modest proposal
ADDISON and Steele were
Essayists
ANDREW MARVEL
His Coy Mistress
The Definition of Love
JOHN EVELYN AND SAMUEL PEPYS were
Diarists
Alexander Pope’s qoutes
” To Err is human, to forgive divine
“Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread”
“ Blessed is he who expects nothing or he shall never be dissapointed
What dire offence from am’rous causes springs,
What mighty contests rise from trivial things,
I sing—This verse to Caryl, Muse! is due:
This, ev’n Belinda may vouchsafe to view:
Slight is the subject, but not so the praise,
If she inspire, and he approve my lays.
Rape of a Lock, Alexander Pope
DANIEL DEFOE
Robinson crusoe
Moll flanders
A journal of the plague year
The history of Tom Jones
Henry Fielding
The life and Times of Tristam Shandy
Lawrence Sterne
” The Dictionary of the English Language”
Samuel Johnson ( 1709-1784)
JOHN GAY
The Beggars opera
“She Stoops to Conquer”
Oliver Goldsmith
William Blake
Chimney sweeper
Little Lamb
Little black boy
( From the Songs of Innocence)
Auld Lang syne
Robert Burns
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
The Lyrical Ballads
Kubla Khan
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner( albatross on his neck)
Christabel
LORD BYRON
Don Juan
Manfred
PERCY SHELLEY
Prometheus Unbound
Ode to the West Wind
To a Skylark
JOHN KEATS
Endymion ( a thing of beauty is a joy forever)
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode to a Grecian Urn
JANE AUSTEN
Sense and Sensibility
Pride and Prejudice
Emma
Elinor
Marriane Dashwood
Edward Ferras
John williowby
Sense and sensibility
Elizabeth Bennet
Fitzwilliam Darcy
Charles Bingley
George Wickam
Pride and Prejudice
Emma Woodhouse
George Knightley
Harriet Smith
Mrs Weston
Emma
Sir Walter Scott
Rob Roy
Ivanhoe
JOHN STUART MILLS
“On Liberty”
“Utilitarian”
“…greatest good for the greatest number
CHARLOTTE BRONTE
Jane Eyre
Shirley
Edward Rochester St John Rivers Mrs Reed Alice Fairfax Blanche Ingram
Jane Eyre
EMILY BRONTE
WUTHERING HEIGHTS
CHARLES DICKENS
OLIVER TWIST DAVID COPPERFIELD BLEAK HOUSE HARD TIMES GREAT EXPECTATIONS VANITY FAIR
GEORGE ELIOT ( MARY ANN EVANS)
SILAS MARINER
LEWIS CARROLL
ALICE IN WONDERLAND
THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS
THOMAS HARDY
FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD
TESS OF THE D’UBERVILLES
OSCAR WILDE
THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST
THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY
DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
THE BLESSED DMOZEL
GEORGE HERBERT WELLS
TIME MACHINE
THE WAR OF THE WORLDS
VIRGINIA WOOLF
MRS DOLLOWAY
ORLANDO
A ROOM OF ONE’S OWN
D.H. LAWRENCE
LADY CHATTERLEY’S LOVER
GEORGE ORWELL
ANIMAL FARM
1984
SIR WILLIAM GOLDING
LORD OF THE FLIES
EDWARD MORGAN FORSTER
A ROOM WITH A VIEW
HOWARD’S END
A PASSAGE TO INDIA
A coming of age story is called
Bildungsroman
Piers Plowman
William langland ( seeking salvation and a true christian life)
Lo I the man, whose Muse whilome did maske,
As time her taught in lowly Shepheards weeds,
Am now enforst a far unfitter taske,
For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds,
And sing of Knights and Ladies gentle deeds;
Whose prayses having slept in silence long,
Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds
To blazon broad emongst her learned throng:
Fierce warres and faithful loves shall moralize my song.
The faerie queen
GEOFFREY MONMOUTH
HISTORY OF THE KINGS OF BRITAIN
FIRST BLANK VERSE DRAMA
GORBODUC (by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton)
LE MORTE ARTHUR
THOMAS MALORY
First translation of the bible was done by
WILLIAM TYNDALE
” Go catch a falling star”
Song by John Donne
For God’s sake hold your tongue, and let me love,
Or chide my palsy, or my gout,
My five gray hairs, or ruined fortune flout,
With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve,
Take you a course, get you a place,
Observe his honor, or his grace,
Or the king’s real, or his stampèd face
Contemplate; what you will, approve,
So you will let me love.
The canonization by John Donne
Valpone
Everyman in his humors
The alchemist
BEN JONSON
” Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player….”
MACBETH
“My love is of a birth as rare…”
The definition of love by Andrew Marvell
Characters Arabella Fermor and Lord Petre are from
The rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope
Characters Captain Macheath and Polly Peachum are from
The Beggar’s Opera by John Gay
“Elegy written in a Country Churchyard”
Thomas Gray
“The School for Scandal”
Richard sheridan
“A vindication of the rights of women”
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
The Biography “ The Life of Samuel Johnson”
James Boswell
ANN RADCLIFFE
The pioneer of the gothic novel
“ The mysteries of udolpho”
“The Castles of Athin and Dunbayne”
“ Gaston de Blondeville”
THE LAKE POETS
Wordsworth
Cooleridge
Southey
” Her eyes were deeper than the depth of waters….”
The Blessed Damozel by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
” A thing of beauty is a joy forever…”
ENDYMION by John Keats
JOHN KEATS
” When I have fears that May Cease to be”
“ Endymion”
” Do not go gentle into that good night
Dylan Thomas
” Because I would not stop for death”
EMILY DICKINSON
CHRISTINA ROSETTI
Goblin market
Remember
In the Bleak Midwinter
The Prince’s Progress
CHARLES LAMB, THOMAS DEQUINCEY AND WILLIAM HAZLITT WERE
Personal essayists
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Victorian poet
SONNET FROM PORTUGUESE
AURORA LEIGH
THE SERAPHIM
Goldilocks and the three bears
Robert Southey ( a Lake Poet)
Becky sharp
Amelia sedley
Miss Barbara Pinkerton
George Osborne
VANITY FAIR ( William Thackeray)v
William Hunt
John Everett Millais
Dante Rossetti
William Rosseti
Pre-Raphaelites
Characters: URIAH HEEP JAMES STEERFORTH EMILY BETSEY TROTWOOD DORA SPENLOW
DAVID COPPERFIELD
characters: ESTHER SUMMERSON RICHARD CARSTONE SIR DEDLOCK LADY DEDLOCK MR. TULKINGHORN
BLEAK HOUSE ( by Charles Dickens)
MY LAST DUCHESS
SOLILOQUY OF THE SPANISH CLOISTER
THE LABORATORY
PORPHYRIA’s LOVER
Robert Browning
GEORGE ELIOT
ADAM BEDE THE MILL ON THE FLOSS SILAS MARINER MIDDLEMARCH DANIEL DERONDA
WILKIE COLLINS
The woman in white
THE MOONSTOONE
ARMADALE
NO NAME
“When I am dead my dearest”
Christina Rosetti
The subelements of a plot
- Complication ( Rising Action): a series of relevant incidents that create suspense , interest or tension. It is the conflict between the main characters as it builds between the protagonist and the antagonist.
- TURNING POINT/ CLIMAX: where the main character has reached his apex of good fortune in the story.
- DENOUEMENT / FALLING ACTION: where things start to go down hill for the main character
- RESOLUTION: the story satisfactorily ends either negatively or positively
TERZA RIMA
Form of poetry which consists of tercets linked toghether with chain rhyme. Rhyme pattern must be aba, bcb, cdc ded
VILLANELLE
Consist of 19 lines
Five tercets of aba plus
One quatrain at the end ( aaba)
They repeat entire lines: the first line of the first tercet becomes the third line of the second, fourth and sixth stanzas.
” Do not go gentle into that good night”
Dylan Thomas
JAMES JOYCE
Stream of consciousness writer
PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN
ULYSSES
DUBLINER
Rhyme Royal
Created by Geoffrey Chaucer
Consists of 7 lines
SESTINA
Consist of 39 lines ( 6 sestets and 1 tercet)
It reuses the same 6 words at the end of each stanza
Lettering for rhyming scheme of a poem
a = rhyme A1= line A = word
BLANK VERSE
Has a set meter, usually iambic pentameter, but does not rhyme
TYPES OF BLANK VERSE POETR
IAMBIC ( unstressed- s) / TROCHEE ( stressed - unstressed)
ANAPEST ( u/u/s)
HEROIC COUPLETS
Rhyming iambic pentameter lines
Ballad Meter
4 line stanzas with rhyming pattern abcb
Alexandrine
A line of verse with 6 iambic feet used by Spenser
Sprung Rhythm
Invented by George Manly Hopkins
Popular Ballad
Is an anonymous narrative poem focusing on the climax of a particularly dramatic event and conventional figures of speech
Italian vs english sonnet
A sonnet is a one stanza poem of fourteen lines, written in iambic pentameter
The difference is in the rhyming scheme:
Italian ( Petrarchan): abbaabba cdecde
English ( shakespearean): abab cdcdefef gg