American Literature Flashcards
PURITAN VS PILGRIM
PURITAN. PILGRIMS
.John Winthorp. . William Bradford
. Massachusetts Bay Colony. . Plymouth, ( on the Mayflower)
. Non separatists . Separatists
.John Smith
PURITANISM
. EMERGED IN ENGLAND AROUND THE MIDDLE OF THE 1500S
. AIM: TO PURIFY THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND OF HIERARCHY, RITUAL, CHURCH ADORNMENT, REVERENCING IMAGES OF SAINTS, AND ORNATE CLERICAL VESTMENTS.
. THEY WERE HARSHLY PERSECUTED BY CHARLES I
. SEEKING RELIGIOUS FREEDOM THEY EMIGRATED TO NEW ENGLAND FROM 1620-1630.
. BASED ON THE THEOLOGY OF CALVINISM
. Did not want to separate from the Church of England, but sought religious freedom
CALVINISM
. THEOLOGY OF JOHN CALVIN THAT STATES THAT GOD IS A HARSH GOD AND MANKIND IS DEPRAVED FROM BIRTH BECAUSE OF ADAM’S FALL.
. MOST ARE DAMNED DESPITE THEIR BEST EFFORTS
. EDUCATION WAS A RELIGIOUS DUTY
. CALVINISTIC HARSHNESS WAS TEMPERED BY “COVENANT THEORY”: THE ONE GOD MADE WITH ABRAHAM
JOHN SMITH
.
. GENERALLY REGARDED AS THE EARLIEST WRITER OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.
.Early founder of Virgina Colony, Jamestown
. Pilgrim separatist
. “THE GENERAL HISTORIE OF VIRGINIA, NEW ENGLAND, AND THE SUMMER ISLES”
WILLIAM BRADFORD
Plymouth Pilgrim Separatist.
first Governor of Plymouth colony
“OF PLYMOUTH PLANTATION”
JOHN WINTHROP
Massachusetts Bay Puritan
“THE HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND”
“A MODEL OF CHRISTAIN CHARITY”
The first book published in the English colonies
The bay psalm book
Cotton Mather
Leader of the Salem witch trials
“MAGNOLIA CHRISTI”
Jonathan Edwards
Is admiration for nature/ natural science influenced Emerson Hawthorne and Melville and Whitman
Puritan
” PERSONAL NARRATIVE” ( A spiritual autobiography)
“SINNERS IN HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD”
Anne Bradstreet
First published writer of the colonies
puritan
” AUTHOR TO HER BOOK OF POEMS
“TO MY DEAR HUSBAND” ( “If two were ever one then surely we…”)
“TENTH MUSE”
PILGRIMS
. Early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony
. Believed similarly as the Puritan Calvinists, except they insisted on being separate from the church of England
. First were in the holland and they form a colony in America: Jamestown, Virginia.
MARY ROWLANDSON
“THE NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY AND RESTORATION OF MARY ROWLANDSON”
EDWARD TAYLOR
wrote with conceits/metaphysical style
medical doctor and pastor
“PREPARATORY MEDITATIONS”
“HUSWIFERY” (‘…Make me, o Lord, thy spinning wheele complete…”)
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
“The Way to Wealth”
JOHN TRUMBULL
“M’ FINGAL” (“ When yankis skill’d in martial rule…”)
Phillis Wheatly
.First important black writer
” ON BEING BROUGHT FROM AFRICA” (“twas mercy brought me from my pagan land…”)
ROGER WILLIAMS
a puritan who founded the colony of Rhode Island
ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA
“NAUFRAGIOS”- SHIPWRECKS
SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN
pioneer of the new france ( Canada)
“Des Sauvages”
Thomas Harriot
“BRIEF AND FREE REPORT OF THE NEW FOUNDLAND OF VIRGINIA
SAMSON OCCON
A Mohegan native American
“A SHORT NARRATIVE OF MY LIFE”
THOMAS PAINE (Quaker)
“COMMON SENSE”
“THE RIGHTS OF MAN”
“THE AGE OF REASON”
a pamphlet of the desire for the colonies to declare independence
THE FEDERALIST PAPERS
alexander hamilton
James madison
John Jay
” To the people of the state of New York”
WASHINGTON IRVING
The first of the romantic writers ( molding national literature)
RIP VAN WINKLE
LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW
SALMAGUNDI ( the name GOTHAM for NYC is coined)
A HISTORY OF NEW YORK ( HIS ALIAS -KNICKERBOCKER)
JAMES FENIMORE COOPER
THE LEATHER STOCKINGS SERIES ( Natty Bumpp is the main character in each)
a) THE DEERSLAYER
b)
THOMAS BANG THORPE
.antebellum writer
THE BIG BEAR OF ARKANSAS ( character Jim Doggett)
THE MASTER’S HOUSE
THE FIRESIDE POETS
. aka Household poets/Schoolroom Poets
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow William Cullen Bryant John Greenleaf Whittier James Russell Lowell Oliver Wendell Holmes
William Cullen Bryant
Fireside poet
“Thanatopsis”
…Yet not to thine eternal resting-place
Shalt thou retire alone, nor couldst thou wish Couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie down With patriarchs of the infant world—with kings, The powerful of the earth—the wise, the good, Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,
All in one mighty sepulchre
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Fireside Poet
“Daily Trials By a Sensitive Man”
…Storms, thunders, waves!
Howl, crash, and bellow till ye get your fill; Ye sometimes rest; men never can be still But in their graves.
John Greenleaf Whittier
Fireside Poet
“Flowers in Winter”
How strange to greet, this frosty morn,
In graceful counterfeit of flower,
These children of the meadows, born
Of sunshine and of showers!
Romanticism
characteristics of Romanticism include supremacy of the individual, feeling, thought and solitude, affinity to nature and the country (reflection and non-urbanism) and personal expression and emotion over collectivism and reason.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalist
.”The Divinity School Address”
.” Concord Hymn” ( “…The shot heard around the world”) ( commemorating the obelisk on an early American Revolution battle
.”Boston Hymn” ( Commemorated the emancipation proclamation)
“The Oversoul”
“Self Reliance”
Transcendentalism
• A movement within Romanticism spearheaded by Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Influenced by Immanuel Kant (German) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (English)
It was about how individuals should “move beyond” collective thought found in dogmas and doctrines and look within themselves for spirituality.
• The connection with the divine in nature, individual reflection and non-attachment are important. the divine in all things. trust the intuition above all
• Non-conformity, reliance on intuition, autonomy of individual spirit and the fomentation of creativity
The perils of collective reason and restrictions of institutional falsities
transcendentalist
Emerson
Thoreau,
Margaret Fuller
Bronson Alcott.
Margaret Fuller
editor of the Dial
Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)
Henry David Thoreau
Walden
Civil Disobedience
“At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable
“I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”
Walden, Thoreau
“If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go…if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be a counter friction to stop the machine.”
Civil Disobedience
John Greenleaf Whittier
Fireside Poet
a Quaker
anti-slavery
“Song of the Negro Boatman”
“Snow-Bound”
“The Eternal Goodness”
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
the first American version of Dante’s The Divine Comedy. The Song of Hiawatha (1855) “Paul Revere’s Ride Evangeline (1847) The Courtship of Miles Slander
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Twice- Told Tales The Scarlet Letter The House of Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance The Marble Faun YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN
SCARLET LETTER
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Hester Prynne Pearl Roger Chillingworth Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale Governor Bellingham
THE HOUSE OF SEVEN GABLES
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Hepzibah Pyncheon Clifford Pyncheon Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon Holgrave Matthew Maule
Goodman Brown
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Goodman Brown FAITH The Old Man/Devil Goody Cloyse The Minister
Edgar Allan Poe
“The Raven” “The Cask of Amontillado” “The Tell-Tale Heart” “The Fall of the House of Usher” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Black Cat” “The Pit and the Pendulum”
“The Murders in the Rue Morgue”
Auguste Dupin
Madam L’espanage
Madam camille
Adolphe Le bon
“The Cask of Amontillado”
Fortunato
Montresor
“The Fall of the House of Usher”
Roderick
Madeleine
Herman Melville
“Typee” (Tommo)
Moby Dick ( Ahab, Ishmael, Pequod -the ship)
“Bartleby, the Scrivener” (“I would prefer not to”)
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Frederick Douglass
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass
“A Song to Myself”
“We Two How long were we fooled”
“Captain !My Captain”
Frances Ellen Watkins
“Eliza Harris”
Kate Chopin
The Awakening
“Désirée’s Baby”
Emily Dickinson
Because I could not stop for Death
A Bird, came down the Walk
Joseph Kirkland
Zury: The Meanest Man in Spring County
Rebecca Harding Davis
Life in the Iron-Mills
Horatio Alger, Jr.
Ragged Dick
(Bildungsroman (German for a “coming of age novel”
Mark Twain
Tom Sawyer (1876) Huckleberry Finn (1885) The Jumpin Frog...County The Gilded Age The Prince and the Pauper
Tom Sawyer (1876)
Injun Joe
Joe Harper
Aunt Polly
Becky thatcher
Huckleberry Finn (1885)
Jim Widow Douglas Duke and Dauphin Miss Watson Pap
The Jumpin Frog…Count
Jim Smiley
Dan’l Webster( his jumping frog)