English in the 21st Century

Question 1

Abbreviation is the _____ of words, and an example of this is?

Answer 1

Shortening

EG = Exempli Gratia

Question 2

Acroynms are words which have been ____ but can be said as a normal word

EG: NATO / NASA

Answer 2

Abbreviated

Question 3

On certain platforms like Twitter, typing features such as ? are

not available so what is used instead to emphasise words or

indicate _____ features?

EG: *coughs*

Answer 3

Italics/bold

Asterisk

Paralinguistic Features

Question 4

What it is called when TWO words are blended together to create a new word?

EG: ___ is a blend of the nouns ‘Breakfast’ & ‘Lunch’

Answer 4

Blending

Brunch

Question 5

A Blog is a regularly ____ website usually run by one person or ?

It is written in an informal / c___ style

Answer 5

Updated

Small group

Conversational

Question 6

What is a Closing Token?

Answer 6

The final clause in a piece of writing/discourse

EG:‘Bye’ or ‘Thanks for reading’

Question 7

Any human interaction that occurs via __ or more electronic devices is called?

D.M.C

Answer 7

Two

Digitally Mediated Communication

Question 8

Which descriptivist theorist argued that language change is

natural & inevitable due to ____ in communication and the

proliferation {rapid increase} of social media?

Answer 8

David Crystal

Evolution

Question 9

Descriptivism is the recognition that language is ___ and has always been in a state of flux & development

Answer 9

Diverse

Question 10

Duplicated punctuation includes things like ?

It is used to indicate tenor or a writer’s ___/attitude towards a given topic

Answer 10

??? or !!!

Reaction

Question 11

The Economy Principle is the notion that the ___ of D.M.C

often necessitates/ allows b____

• The most common length of a tweet is ?

Users are so accustomed to being __ that the increase in length in ___ had little impact

Answer 11

Immediacy

Brevity

33 characters

Brief

2017

Question 12

Elision is the omission of one or more ___ from a word

EG:‘gonna’ as opposed to?

Answer 12

Letters

‘Going to’

Question 13

Ellipses is the omission of ___ words for the speed & brevity of communication

EG:‘Going Saturday?’

Answer 13

Function

Question 14

When vowels or consonants are elongated for emphasis, s__or to create a speficic tenor this is called?

Answer 14

Stress

Elongation of vowels/consonants

Question 15

An Emoticon/Emoji is a ___ representation of a feeling which can ?

Sometimes people use standard punctuation marks to replace emojis - like :) which is seen as ‘retro’

They are not accepted in what contexts?

Answer 15

Facial

Replace words

Formal contexts

Question 16

A Hashtag is also known as ?

These are used when discussing a ___ topic and allows for a topic to be found easily on platforms like?

Answer 16

Octothorpe

Popular

Twitter

Question 17

A Hyperlink is some text/g__ in an electronic document that

can be activated to open another document or trigger what?

Answer 17

Graphic

An action

Question 18

Initialism is an abbreviation which has to be said in what way?

EG: IKR or IRL

Answer 18

By its individual letters rather than 1 word

Question 19

The more widespread use of high frequency ___ to create a

more colloquial register in DMC is called?

Answer 19

Lexis

Informalisation

Question 20

An Interjection is used to express emotion or sudden ?

They can express a wide variety of emotions such as: excitement, joy, surprise or ___

EG:‘Wow!’

Answer 20

Bursts of feelings

Disgust

Question 21

James Milroy asserts that there’s no such thing as?

Answer 21

‘Golden age of English Language’

Question 22

Which desriptivist criticised the concepts of the ‘Crumbling Castle’ , ‘Damp Spoon’ & ‘Infectious Disease’ ?

Damp Spoon: using incorrect English is ___ & lazy

Infectious Disease: use of incorrect English is spreading due to the rise of ? & modern technology

Answer 22

Jean Aitchison

Ill-mannered

Social Media

Question 23

A Keyboard Smash is internt slang for a random & ___ string

of characters produced by doing what?

It can be used to indicate frustration or ?

Answer 23

Unintelligible

Smashing a keyboard

Confusion

Question 24

A character or symbol that represents a word/phrase is known as?

EG: the ampersand (&)

Answer 24

Logogram

Question 25

If something is described as '**Meme-Like**' it resembles the register/tone of a meme but without what?

Answer 25

The accompanying visual

Question 26

What do **MUBE** and **MLE** stand for? Contains clipped nouns such as?

Answer 26

**MUBE** = Multicultural Urban British English **MLE** = Multicultural London English Bro/Fam/Paigon

Question 27

A way to describe the conversational nature of **DMC** whilst recognsing that it's still essentially written is?

Answer 27

Multimodal

Question 28

A **Neologism** is a word/phrase that has recently been coined They can be a product of processes such as? {C.B.A}

Answer 28

1. Compounding - 'doomscrolling' 2. Blending - 'covidiot' 3. Affixation - 'happyish'

Question 29

Given the detached/anonymous nature of **DMC** we see the losing of which rules? Bascially, people say things online that they wouldn't say in person **This is known as?**

Answer 29

Rules of social conduct that apply face-to-face Online Disinhibition

Question 30

The **Onomatopoeic representation of laughter** is ?

Answer 30

'Hahaha'

Question 31

**Orthographical Errors** are mistakes in ___ that can be due to autocorrect or lack of? They can also be designed to reflect ___ - 'Kinda'

Answer 31

Spelling Proof reading Pronounciation

Question 32

If the Closing Token is the final clause, what is the **Opening Token**? ## Footnote **EG:**'Hi Louise'

Answer 32

The opening clause in a piece of writing/discourse

Question 33

High frequency verbs which are informal and more typical of ___ discourse are known as? **EG:**'to make up' as opposed to?

Answer 33

Spoken **Phrasal Verbs** 'To Invent'

Question 34

**Phonemic Representation**/Deletion is when a ___ form of a word is used & ___ is retained but **NOT** the orthography **EG:**'U instead of You' or 'R instead of Are'

Answer 34

Shortened Sound

Question 35

**Prescriptivism:** Belief that one variety of language is __ to others There are clear or '\_\_\_' linguistic rules that should be followed \* Might call this standard English **Prescriptivists** would argue that language is now in a state of?

Answer 35

Superior Correct Decline

Question 36

The typical reduction in punctuation found in many areas of **DMC** is called? Includes omission of commas,apostrophes, capital letters etc

Answer 36

Reduced Punctuation

Question 37

**Synthetic Personalisation:** * Identified by ? * Is a way to effectively address/engage a wide audience by more individual or ___ language use **EG:** Adopting a ___ tenor/ using a vocative in an email

Answer 37

Fairclough Personal Friendly

Question 38

**Vlog** is an example of which neologistic process? A **Vlog** is a website/ account where a person regularly posts what?

Answer 38

Blend - Video/Blog Short Videos

Question 39

**Vocative** is a word/phrase that addresses the reader/listener \_\_\_ usually in the form of a ? or a term of endearment

Answer 39

Directly Personal Title