English Final Material Flashcards
What great changes came about during the period of Victorian England?
- Advances in Technology
- Social Advances
- Industrial Revolution
Advances in Technology
- 2100km pipes to divert sewage
- Buckingham Palace
- Crystal Palace
- Railways
- Preventative medicines
Social Advances
- Compulsory schools (1870)
- Increase in literature and advancement of the novel
- New decorative and functional architecture
- “Bobbies” (police)
- Women’s rights
Industrial Revolution
- Increase in skilled labor
- Factories
- Better economies and trade
- Expanded lands
What were some “complications” of these advancements?
- Hypocrisy
- Class conflict
- Child labor
- Creation of slums and poor inner cities
- Growing faith in technology; with a strong opposition to the overuse
- Calling into question for the first time of Christianity on a large scale
Who is the author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?
Robert Louis Stevenson
How long did he live and where was he born?
1850-1894; Edinburgh, Scotland
Background of Animal Farm
Animal Farm was published on the heels of World War II, in England in 1945 and in the United States in 1946. George Orwell wrote the book during the war as a cautionary fable in order to expose the seriousness of the dangers posed by Stalinism and totalitarian government. Orwell faced several obstacles in getting the novel published. First, he was putting forward an anti-Stalin book during a time when Western support for the Soviet Union was still high due to its support in Allied victories against Germany. Second, Orwell was not yet the literary star he would quickly become. For those reasons, Animal Farm appeared only at the war’s end, during the same month that the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The tragically violent events of the war set the stage well for Orwell’s fictional manifesto against totalitarianism.
What is an allegory?
- Story with two meanings
- A literal meaning and a symbolic meaning
Fable
-Short story with moral or message
What is a satire?
-Criticizes social and/or political system
Who does Old Major represent in Animal Farm?
Marxism (Lenin)
Who does Mr. Jones represent in Animal Farm?
Czar Nicholas II
Who does Moses represent in Animal Farm?
Russian Orthodox Church
What does the Animal Rebellion represent in Animal Farm?
Russian Revolution of 1917
Who does Napoleon represent in Animal Farm?
Stalin
Who does Snowball represent in Animal Farm?
Trotsky
Who does Squealer represent in Animal Farm?
Pravda (Propaganda)
Who does Napoleon’s dogs represent in Animal Farm?
Russian Secret police
Who does Foxwood Farm (Pilkington) represent in Animal Farm?
England (Churchill)
Who does Pinchfield Farm (Frederick) represent in Animal Farm?
Germany (Hitler)
Who does the Battle of Cowshed represent in Animal Farm?
Anti-Revolutionary Invasion of Russia
Who does the Battle of the Windmill represent in Animal Farm?
Battle of Stalingrad (German Invasion of Russia during WWII)
Who does the animals other than pigs and dogs represent in Animal Farm?
The working class
Who was the Illustrated Man written by?
Ray Bradbury
What is paraphrasing?
To express someone’s ideas in your own language
What is summarizing?
To distill only the most essential points of someone else’s work
When do you paraphrase?
- When you want to use another writer’s words without plagiarizing
- You want to use another’s words with quotes
- The ideas of another writer are more important than his/her style
- You think the words of another writer are too difficult for your audience
When do you summarize?
- You want to identify only the main ideas of another writer
- You want to give an overview of the topic
- You want to simplify a complex argument
- You want to condense the matter to suite your requirements
What is tone
A speaker or writer’s attitude to the subject or audience
Logical Appeal
When a character uses a clear, rational argument to try and convince another character of something
Emotional Appeal
When a character tries to appeal to another’s emotions to make a point
Diction
The words a writer or speaker chooses to communicate a message
Syntax
The grammatical structures in a piece of writing
Who was Queen Victoria
Ruler during the period of Victorian England, she was crowned at 18, her reign was the height of the English Empire
Point of View
The perspective from which a story is told
Characterization
Giving human like qualities to nonhuman things
Theme
The message in a story
Persona
The voice or character of a speaker or an author
Motif
a distinctive feature or dominant idea
When and where was Arthur Miller born?
New York, 1915
When and why was the Crucible written
During the years following WWII and Communism was still terrorizing everyone
What are the seven types of propaganda
- bandwagoning
- glittering generalities
- name-calling
- plain folks
- testimonials
- transfer
- card-stacking
Identify Francis and Rebecca Nurse
Highly respected people in Salem and own a lot of land
What do the girls do at the end of Act 1
They begin to accuse people of witchcraft
