English Civil War Flashcards
(22 cards)
When did King Charles become king of Scotland, England and Ireland?
1625
Who did King Charles marry?
Henrietta Maria, a catholic French princess
Who was the Duke of Buckingham?
George Villiers
In 1627 why was Charles desperate for money?
Because Buckingham wasted loads of soldiers and money trying to attack La Rochelle and failed, fleeing back to England.
What illegal move did Charles make in 1627?
He was desperate for money, but could not get it from parliament because of his dissolution, so he raised more money through a forced loan and more illegal customs duties. If anyone refused to pay they would be imprisoned.
How would people react to Charles’s choices in 1627?
People would be angry as he was taxing them and punishing them illegally
Who died in 1628 and who replaced them?
Buckingham was assassinated by angry sailors in 1628 and the Queen became Charles’s most influential adviser
What started in 1629?
The personal Rule or the 11 Years’ Tyranny
Why did the Personal Rule start?
It started because Parliament immediately began complaining about the kings collection of illegal taxes and his religious policies which they thought were too catholic. So Charles arrested the MPs and dissolved parliament for 11 years which was known as the 11 years tyranny.
In 1633 who did Charles appoint as the new Archbishop of Canterbury?
William Laud
What did Charles change about the churches in 1633 and why?
He made the vicars wear colourful clothing, and introduced stained glass and decorations such as crosses and candles to make the churches more catholic.
In what year did Charles become collecting ship money?
1634
In 1637 what did Charles do to make the Scots resent him?
He tried to change the prayer book by introducing a new one, which cause a riot and the Scots went on to sign the National Covenant in 1638
In what year did Charles start collecting Coat and Conduct money?
1639
Why did Charles need coat and conduct money?
So he could pay for an army to force the Scots to follow his religious plans
In 1640 what event was named the Short Parliament?
The event was that Charles summoned parliament as he was desperate for money, but they immediately complained about his illegal taxation and refused to grant taxes until he dealt with their complaints, so he dissolved them in just three weeks which was known as Short Parliament
In 1640 how long did Charles summon Parliament for and what was it called?
He summoned Parliament for 12 years and was only properly dissolved in 1660 so it was known as the Long Parliament.
What is the Grand Remonstrance?
The Grand Remonstrance is when Parliament made more demands for King Charles, which were so extreme so it divided the MPs.
What happened on the 22nd of August 1642?
Each side had now raised an army. On the 22nd of August, Charles declared war on Parliament.
When was the battle of Marston Moor and who won?
July 1644: the Scots and Parliament defeated Prince Rupert at the Battle of Marston Moor,
securing control of the North.
When was the Battle of Naseby and what was the outcome?
June 1645: the New Model Army defeated Charles’s main army at the Battle of Naseby, capturing his artillery, treasure, and letters.
When did Charles I get executed and why?
May 1646: Charles surrendered to the Scots, who handed him over to Parliament, ending the First Civil War.
