English Civil War

Question 1

When did King Charles become king of Scotland, England and Ireland?

Answer 1

1625

Question 2

Who did King Charles marry?

Answer 2

Henrietta Maria, a catholic French princess

Question 3

Who was the Duke of Buckingham?

Answer 3

George Villiers

Question 4

In 1627 why was Charles desperate for money?

Answer 4

Because Buckingham wasted loads of soldiers and money trying to attack La Rochelle and failed, fleeing back to England.

Question 5

What illegal move did Charles make in 1627?

Answer 5

He was desperate for money, but could not get it from parliament because of his dissolution, so he raised more money through a forced loan and more illegal customs duties. If anyone refused to pay they would be imprisoned.

Question 6

How would people react to Charles’s choices in 1627?

Answer 6

People would be angry as he was taxing them and punishing them illegally

Question 7

Who died in 1628 and who replaced them?

Answer 7

Buckingham was assassinated by angry sailors in 1628 and the Queen became Charles’s most influential adviser

Question 8

What started in 1629?

Answer 8

The personal Rule or the 11 Years’ Tyranny

Question 9

Why did the Personal Rule start?

Answer 9

It started because Parliament immediately began complaining about the kings collection of illegal taxes and his religious policies which they thought were too catholic. So Charles arrested the MPs and dissolved parliament for 11 years which was known as the 11 years tyranny.

Question 10

In 1633 who did Charles appoint as the new Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 10

William Laud

Question 11

What did Charles change about the churches in 1633 and why?

Answer 11

He made the vicars wear colourful clothing, and introduced stained glass and decorations such as crosses and candles to make the churches more catholic.

Question 12

In what year did Charles become collecting ship money?

Answer 12

1634

Question 13

In 1637 what did Charles do to make the Scots resent him?

Answer 13

He tried to change the prayer book by introducing a new one, which cause a riot and the Scots went on to sign the National Covenant in 1638

Question 14

In what year did Charles start collecting Coat and Conduct money?

Answer 14

1639

Question 15

Why did Charles need coat and conduct money?

Answer 15

So he could pay for an army to force the Scots to follow his religious plans

Question 16

In 1640 what event was named the Short Parliament?

Answer 16

The event was that Charles summoned parliament as he was desperate for money, but they immediately complained about his illegal taxation and refused to grant taxes until he dealt with their complaints, so he dissolved them in just three weeks which was known as Short Parliament

Question 17

In 1640 how long did Charles summon Parliament for and what was it called?

Answer 17

He summoned Parliament for 12 years and was only properly dissolved in 1660 so it was known as the Long Parliament.

Question 18

What is the Grand Remonstrance?

Answer 18

The Grand Remonstrance is when Parliament made more demands for King Charles, which were so extreme so it divided the MPs.

Question 19

What happened on the 22nd of August 1642?

Answer 19

Each side had now raised an army. On the 22nd of August, Charles declared war on Parliament.

Question 20

When was the battle of Marston Moor and who won?

Answer 20

July 1644: the Scots and Parliament defeated Prince Rupert at the Battle of Marston Moor,
securing control of the North.

Question 21

When was the Battle of Naseby and what was the outcome?

Answer 21

June 1645: the New Model Army defeated Charles’s main army at the Battle of Naseby, capturing his artillery, treasure, and letters.

Question 22

When did Charles I get executed and why?

Answer 22

May 1646: Charles surrendered to the Scots, who handed him over to Parliament, ending the First Civil War.