English A2 Flashcards
Stand-First
The first paragraph of a newspaper article
Voyeurs
Onlookers (e.g. voyeurs may give comments for a newspaper article to make the article more objective by keeping a balanced view point, OR making it subjective by indicating bias and swaying the audience)
Coordinators
‘And’, ‘but’, ‘yet’ (act as a bridge between sentences etc.)
Adverbials
Words that modify the word, e.g. ‘kindly’
The Daily Mail (bias)
Conservatives
The Guardian
Lib Dem/Labour (left wing)
The Sun
Conservative
The Daily Mirror
Labour Party
The Daily Telegraph
Conservative
Epanalepsis
Repetition of word/phrase at the beginning and end of sentence
Vignette
Similar to an anecdote, giving readers a quick overview or insight into the characteristics of something
Complex sentence
A sentence containing an independent clause and then at least one dependent clause (e.g. She though it was cold, so she put on a jumper)
Modal verb
e.g. “will”; implies certainty and necessity
Structure of a report (7)
- heading
- who its for/why the report’s needed
- methodology
- findings
- conclusions
- recommendations
- signature & date
Amplificatio
Elaborating an idea by saying it several times in different ways
Exemplum
A short story or reference used to illustrate a point
‘Summary’ in a speech
A sentence/short paragraph which draws together the ideas developed in the preceding speech (meant to be memorable and thought provoking)
Diminutio
Self-deprecations to win audience sympathy
Anaphora
Repetition of a word/phrase at the beginning of successive clauses
Percontatio
A question asked in a state of bewilderment allowing no easy reply (e.g. “Yet why does it need a war to bring out our qualities and reassert our pride?”
Ratiocinatio
Posing objections and ideas and meeting them (complex way to structure an argument)
Soliloquy
Speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers
Parison
A parallelism of form in grammatical structure
Recapitulate / Transitio
Summarising and stating the main points again of what has been said, and outlines what
Parenthesis
An interlude put in a sentence that makes grammatical sense without it (e.g. “He answered the phone (after ignoring it for a while) which was positioned on the table)
High lexical density
Proportion of information carrying words
Phatic language
Talking only for social purposes, not to convey information
Value Laden adjectives
Influenced by personal opinion, e.g. “Freedom Fighter”
