English A2

Question 1

Stand-First

Answer 1

The first paragraph of a newspaper article

Question 2

Voyeurs

Answer 2

Onlookers (e.g. voyeurs may give comments for a newspaper article to make the article more objective by keeping a balanced view point, OR making it subjective by indicating bias and swaying the audience)

Question 3

Coordinators

Answer 3

‘And’, ‘but’, ‘yet’ (act as a bridge between sentences etc.)

Question 4

Adverbials

Answer 4

Words that modify the word, e.g. ‘kindly’

Question 5

The Daily Mail (bias)

Answer 5

Conservatives

Question 6

The Guardian

Answer 6

Lib Dem/Labour (left wing)

Question 7

The Sun

Answer 7

Conservative

Question 8

The Daily Mirror

Answer 8

Labour Party

Question 9

The Daily Telegraph

Answer 9

Conservative

Question 10

Epanalepsis

Answer 10

Repetition of word/phrase at the beginning and end of sentence

Question 11

Vignette

Answer 11

Similar to an anecdote, giving readers a quick overview or insight into the characteristics of something

Question 12

Complex sentence

Answer 12

A sentence containing an independent clause and then at least one dependent clause (e.g. She though it was cold, so she put on a jumper)

Question 13

Modal verb

Answer 13

e.g. “will”; implies certainty and necessity

Question 14

Structure of a report (7)

Answer 14

• heading
• who its for/why the report’s needed
• methodology
• findings
• conclusions
• recommendations
• signature & date

Question 15

Amplificatio

Answer 15

Elaborating an idea by saying it several times in different ways

Question 16

Exemplum

Answer 16

A short story or reference used to illustrate a point

Question 17

‘Summary’ in a speech

Answer 17

A sentence/short paragraph which draws together the ideas developed in the preceding speech (meant to be memorable and thought provoking)

Question 18

Diminutio

Answer 18

Self-deprecations to win audience sympathy

Question 19

Anaphora

Answer 19

Repetition of a word/phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Question 20

Percontatio

Answer 20

A question asked in a state of bewilderment allowing no easy reply (e.g. “Yet why does it need a war to bring out our qualities and reassert our pride?”

Question 21

Ratiocinatio

Answer 21

Posing objections and ideas and meeting them (complex way to structure an argument)

Question 22

Soliloquy

Answer 22

Speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers

Question 23

Parison

Answer 23

A parallelism of form in grammatical structure

Question 24

Recapitulate / Transitio

Answer 24

Summarising and stating the main points again of what has been said, and outlines what

Question 25

Parenthesis

Answer 25

An interlude put in a sentence that makes grammatical sense without it (e.g. "He answered the phone (after ignoring it for a while) which was positioned on the table)

Question 26

High lexical density

Answer 26

Proportion of information carrying words

Question 27

Phatic language

Answer 27

Talking only for social purposes, not to convey information

Question 28

Value Laden adjectives

Answer 28

Influenced by personal opinion, e.g. "Freedom Fighter"