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Freshman > English > Flashcards

English Flashcards

1
Q

what does “bio” mean?

A

life

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2
Q

biodegradable

A

can be broken down by organisms into harmless substances (adjective)

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3
Q

bionic

A

having normal abilities from the help of electronic/ mechanical devices (adjective)

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4
Q

biopsy

A

removing tissue, cells, or fluids for examination (noun)

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5
Q

symbiosis

A

organisms that benefit from living near each other (noun)

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6
Q

What is an allegory?

A

story in which characters and settings stand for abstract ideas or moral qualities and have a symbolic meaning

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7
Q

What is an allusion?

A

reference to a person, place, or event

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8
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

character who opposes the solution of the story

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9
Q

What is atmosphere/mood?

A

feelings/mood created by the story

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10
Q

What is characterization?

A

the act of describing a character/qualities

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11
Q

What is the climax?

A

moment of great emotional intensity or suspense

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12
Q

What is conflict?

A

struggle/class between opposing characters/forces

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13
Q

What is connotation?

A

all meanings, association, emotions that come with a word

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14
Q

What is denotation?

A

literal/primary meaning of the word different to the feeling/ides that it suggest

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15
Q

What is dialect?

A

way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region or group of people

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16
Q

What is dialogue?

A

conversation between characters in the story

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17
Q

What is diction?

A

a writer’s/speakers choice of words or style

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18
Q

What does foil mean?

A

a character who is used as a contrast to another character

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19
Q

What is foreshadowing?

A

use of clues to hint upcoming events

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20
Q

What is imagery?

A

language that appeals to the senses

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21
Q

What is irony?

A

a difference between what is said and what is meant

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22
Q

What is a narrator?

A

a voice telling a story

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23
Q

What is persona?

A

mask/voice assumed by a writer

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24
Q

What is a plot?

A

series of related events that make up a story

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25
Q

What is point of view?

A

vantage point from which a writer tells a story

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26
Q

What is prose?

A

language in ordinary form without structure

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27
Q

What is a protagonist?

A

main character

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28
Q

What is a satire?

A

type of writing that makes fun of something

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29
Q

What is setting?

A

time and place of a story

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30
Q

What is a symbol?

A

person, place, thing, or idea that stands for itself and for something beyond itself

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31
Q

What is theme?

A

central idea of a work of literature

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32
Q

What is tone?

A

attitude a writer takes toward a character, subject, or audience

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33
Q

What are the five steps to a plot?

A
  1. Introduction2. Rising Action3. Climax4. Falling Action5. Resolution
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34
Q

What is the introduction?

A

sets atmosphere, setting, main characters, main conflict, and point of view

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35
Q

What is the rising action?

A

series of complications and builds up curiosity

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36
Q

What is the falling action?

A

decrease of intensity, what happens after decision is made

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37
Q

What is the resolution?

A

conclusion or unraveling of plot, obvious ending

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38
Q

Without it there is no plot?

A

conflict

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39
Q

What are the two types of conflict and examples of them?

A

External: man vs. man, man vs. society, etc.Internal: man vs. self

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40
Q

What are the three main types of point of view?

A

first person, third person limited, third person omniscient

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41
Q

How can you tell first person point of view?

A

character is telling the story (using I)

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42
Q

How can you tell third person limited view?

A

not involved in story, but knows the thoughts/feeling of one character

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43
Q

How can you tell third person omniscient?

A

knows everything

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44
Q

What are the two types of characterization?

A

direct and indirect

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45
Q

How can you tell direct characterization?

A

the author tells you what the character is like

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46
Q

How can you tell indirect characterization?

A

the author describes how the character looks, dresses, speaks, thinks, feels, etc.

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47
Q

What are the three types of irony?

A

verbal, situational, and dramatic

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48
Q

What is verbal irony?

A

when someone says one thing, but really mean another (sarcasm)

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49
Q

What is situational irony?

A

a contrast between what is expected and what happens

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50
Q

What is dramatic irony?

A

when we know what is going to happen

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51
Q

How can you tell if a sentence is the theme of the story?

A

one sentence, idea that is tried to be conveyed, different from moral, no cliches, and second person

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52
Q

what does “cent” mean?

A

one hundred

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53
Q

centenary (noun)

A

100th anniversary; centennial

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54
Q

centigrade (adj)

A

celsius temperature scale

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55
Q

centimeter (noun)

A

1/100th of a meter

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56
Q

centurion (noun)

A

officer in command of a troop of 100 soldiers (roman times)

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57
Q

what does “di”/”duo” mean?

A

two

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58
Q

dichotomy (noun)

A

division into usually opposing groups

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59
Q

diplomatic (adj.)

A

relating to negotiations between nations

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60
Q

duplex (adj.)

A

having two elements

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61
Q

duplicity (noun)

A

deception by pretending to feel and act one way while acting in another

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62
Q

what does “hyper” mean?

A

above everything

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63
Q

hyperactive (adj.)

A

excessively active

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64
Q

hyperbole (noun)

A

extreme exaggeration

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65
Q

hypertension (noun)

A

high blood pressure

66
Q

hyperventilate (verb)

A

to breath rapidly and deeply

67
Q

what does “scrub”/”scrip” mean?

A

to write

68
Q

conscription (noun)

A

forced enlistment into military service; draft

69
Q

circumscribe (verb)

A

limit the range/activity of something

70
Q

inscription (noun)

A

permanently written; engraved

71
Q

proscribe (verb)

A

to forbid as harmful/unlawful

72
Q

what does apt/pet mean?

A

to fit

73
Q

adaptation

A

(Noun) getting used to conditions/environment

74
Q

aptitude

A

(Noun) natural ability to learn

75
Q

adept

A

(adj.) expert

76
Q

inept

A

(Adj.) foolish, incompetent

77
Q

What does “loc”/”lock” mean?

A

to talk

78
Q

circumlocution

A

using many words to avoid stating an opinion (noun)

79
Q

elocution

A

good public speaking (noun)

80
Q

colloquial

A

informal talking (adj.)

81
Q

loquacious

A

talkative; talks too much (adj.)

82
Q

what does “para” mean?

A

“Beside”, “beyond”, “associated with”

83
Q

paradigm

A

clear, typical example showing how something is done (noun)

84
Q

paradox

A

Statement that is not common sense but may still be true; person’s qualities that seem opposite (noun)

85
Q

paragon

A

model of excellence (noun)

86
Q

parameter

A

Physical quality that determines the characteristic or behavior of something; boundary (noun)

87
Q

what does “retro” mean?

A

back, behind, backward

88
Q

retroactive

A

intended to occur in the past (adj.)

89
Q

retrofit

A

furnish something old with new parts (verb)

90
Q

retrogress

A

to return to an earlier and usually worse state (verb)

91
Q

retrospective

A

showing how something changed over time in one place

92
Q

what does “frag”/”fract” mean?

A

to break/shatter

93
Q

fractious

A

someone that causes trouble (adj.)

94
Q

fragmentary

A

broken pieces (adj.)

95
Q

infraction

A

breaking the law (noun)

96
Q

refraction

A

reflection of light (noun)

97
Q

What does “chron” mean?

A

time

98
Q

anachronism

A

a person/thing that it is out of its own time (noun)

99
Q

chronic

A

lasting a long time or recurring often; always present (adj.)

100
Q

chronology

A

a sequence of event in the order they occurred (noun)

101
Q

synchronous

A

simultaneous (adj.)

102
Q

what is bi/bin?

A

two/double

103
Q

bipartisan

A

involving two political parties (adj.)

104
Q

binary

A

consisting of two parts; double (adj.)

105
Q

biennial

A

occurring/lasting every two years (adj.)

106
Q

bipolar

A
  • having two opposing forces/views- opposing poles of attraction (adj.)
107
Q

what does “mono” mean?

A

one/only

108
Q

monogamous

A

in a relationship with one person (adjective)

109
Q

monograph

A

essay written on a specific topic (noun)

110
Q

monolithic

A

appearing huge/featureless (adjective )

111
Q

monotheism

A

worship of one god (noun)

112
Q

what does “sub” mean?

A

under

113
Q

subconscious

A

in the mind below awareness (adjective)

114
Q

subjugate

A

to bring under control; conquer (verb)

115
Q

subliminal

A

not strong enough to be perceived (adjective)

116
Q

subversion

A

an attempt to overthrow a government by working from within (noun)

117
Q

what does “hydr” mean?

A

water

118
Q

dehydrate

A

to remove water from (verb)

119
Q

hydraulic

A

operated/moved by water power (adjective)

120
Q

hydroelectric

A

producing electricity by water power (adjective)

121
Q

hydroponics

A

growing plants in nutrient water without soil (noun)

122
Q

What are the eight parts of speech?

A

noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjections

123
Q

What is a noun?

A

a word or group of words that is used to name a person, place, thing, or idea

124
Q

What is a proper noun?

A

names a particular person, place, thing, or idea

125
Q

What is common noun?

A

names only person, place, thing, idea (not capitalized)

126
Q

What is a concrete noun?

A

names a person, place, thing, idea that appeals to the senses

127
Q

What is an abstract noun?

A

names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic

128
Q

What is a compound noun?

A

consists of two words used together as one

129
Q

What is a collective noun?

A

word that names a group

130
Q

What is a pronoun?

A

a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or other pronouns

131
Q

What is an antecedent?

A

word that a pronoun stands for

132
Q

What is a personal pronoun?

A

refers to the spoken toFirst person: I, me, my, etc.Second person: you, your, yoursThird person: he, his, him, she, it, they, etc.

133
Q

What is a reflective pronoun?

A

refers to the subjectFirst person: myself, ourselvesSecond person: yourself, yourselvesThird person: himself, herself, itself, themselves

134
Q

What is a demonstrative pronoun?

A

used to point out a specific person, place, thing, or idea ex.) this, that, these, those

135
Q

What is a interrogative pronoun?

A

introduces a question ex.) whom, who, which, what, whose

136
Q

What is a indefinite pronoun?

A

refers to one or more persons, places, things, or ideas that may not be specifically namesex.) all, another, any, anyone, both, etc

137
Q

What is an adjective?

A

a word that modifies nouns or pronouns, tells what kind, which, or how many

138
Q

What is an article?

A

most frequently used adjectives: a, an, the

139
Q

What are the three types of verbs?

A

action, linking, and helping verbs

140
Q

What is an action verb?

A

tell that something is happening, happened, or will happen

141
Q

What is a linking verb?

A

links the subject and predicate

142
Q

What is a helping verb?

A

combine with the main verb to become a verb phrase

143
Q

What is an adverb?

A

word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Tells where, when, how, or to what extent

144
Q

What is a preposition?

A

word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word

145
Q

What is a conjunction?

A

connecting words

146
Q

What is an interjections?

A

word that expressed emotion, usually followed by !

147
Q

What is a complete sentence?

A

has subject and verb that expresses complete thought

148
Q

What is a run-on?

A

two or more sentences combined in one

149
Q

How do you fix run-ons?

A

separate into sentences, add conjunction, semicolon, DO NOT just add a comma

150
Q

What is a simple sentence?

A

one subject and one verb (one independent clause)

151
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

two or more simple sentences joined together by a comma and a conjunction or semicolon

152
Q

What does a complete subject tell?

A

whom or what the sentence is about

153
Q

What does a complete predicate tell?

A

what the sentence is about

154
Q

What is a simple subject?

A

noun

155
Q

What is a simple predicate?

A

verb

156
Q

What is a declarative sentence?

A

sentence that makes a statement (.)

157
Q

What is a imperative sentence?

A

sentence that gives a command or request (.)

158
Q

What is an exclamatory sentence?

A

sentence that shows excitement/strong feeling (!)

159
Q

What is an interrogative sentence?

A

sentence that asks a question (?)

160
Q

Does a verb must agree with its subject?

A

Yes

161
Q

A singular subject takes what kind of verb?

A

singular verbs, usually end in s

162
Q

A plural subjects take what kind of verb?

A

plural verbs, usually do not end in s

Freshman (9 decks)

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