englang exam Flashcards
how to write short answer responces?
- Line number
- quoted example
- Metalinguistic label
- context ( situational-behavior and actions associated with the situation) & “( cultural- where it takes place what is it about as in FNP and who is getting interviewed).
- Context , report and purpose.
how to identify an adjective?
- det, adjective,noun
- noun is ajective
how to identify a verb?
common endings:
- ise.
- ize.
- use.
- ing.
- ed.
What does “Semantic domain “ refer to ?
- The domain/ main idea of the text.
“Like “ Word class?
Discourse Particle.
“Which “ Word class?
Relative Pronoun.
“After “ Word class?
Proposition.
“Really “ Word class?
Adverb.
“It “ Word class?
Noun.
“So “ Word class?
Coordinating Conjunction.
“Because “ Word class?
Subordinating Conjunction.
List the prosodic Features. 5 marks
Pitch.
Stress.
Intonation.
Volume.
Tempo.
Or A way to remember this is VIPST
What does register refer to? 1 mark
A) the reason the text exists in the world
B) the level of formality of the text
C) the relation ship between the participants in the text
D) weather the text is public or private
Correct Ans. B
What are the two parts of context? 1 mark
A) Situational
B) Where + When
C) Public or Private
D) Cultural
A and D
Test to see if a sentence is a passive voice or active voice.
IF you can add “ By zombies” at the end of the sentence it is passive voice and if not then it is active voice.
“And “ Word class?
Coordinating conjunction.
How to identify and “Adverb”
- time, manner, place, frequency, degree
- Some end in ly
interjections?
have emotional meaning that stands outside of the sentence
list the determiners
the / a / an
List of prepositions
on, in, under, above, through, below, to, of, with, at, for
List all the coordinating conjunctions?
-For
-And
-Nor
-But
-Or
-Yet
-So
List all the subordinating conjunctions?
-however
-if
-because
-while
-although
-as
list all the auxiliary verbs
-to be
-to have
-to do
-is
-am
-are
-was
-were
-be
-being
-been
list all the modal verbs
-may
-might
-must
-can
-could
-will
-would
-shall
-should
Relative pronoun?
-who
-whom
-whose
-that
-which
What is “first person”? Provide examples
- I
- we
- us
-our - my
- me
What is “second person”? Provide examples
- you
- your
What is “third person”? Provide examples
- they
- she
- he
- it
- them
How to know if it is a “ inflectional morpheme”?
- if it ends in:
- est
- s
- er
- ed
- en
- ing
How to know what type of “inflectional” morpheme it is?
Superlative ends in “-est”.
Possession= shows ownership or ends in “-s”.
Comparitive= ends in er.
what is a “shortening”?
creating a new word by shortening an older one
e.g. gym from gymnasium
e.g. rizz from charisma
What is “ Compounding”?
joining two whole free morphemes together to create a new word
e.g. holy + day = holiday
What is “blending”?
oining parts of two free morphemes together to create a new word
(can be one whole + one part OR two parts)
e.g. chill + relax = chillax
What is “backformation”?
removing an assumed affix to create a new word
e.g. burgle from burglar
What is “ Conversion”?
creating a new word by using it as a new word class
e.g. googling, here it is a noun not a verb.
What is “ initialism”?
creating a new word by taking the initials of a phrase
you must pronounce each initial
e.g. PTO / FML
What is “ acronym “?
creating a new word by taking the initials of a phrase
you pronounce it as a single word
e.g. FOMO
What is “contraction “?
creating a word by joining two words together with an apostrophe to show the missing letter
e.g. do + not = don’t
What is “neologism”?
creating an entirely new word
What is “borrowing”?
adopting a word from another language into English
What is “commonisation “?
using a brand name as a common term to refer to an item
e.g. 7-11 > petrol station
e.g. biro > pen
e.g. kleenex > tissue
How to know if it is a “ derivational” morpheme?
they change meaning.
How to know if it is a “ bound “ morpheme?
can’t stand alone
How to know if it is a “ free” morpheme?
can stand alone
Are prefixes always derivational or inflectional?
they are always:
-“Derivational”
Formula for finding a noun pharse?
Formula = (det) (adv)* (adj)* N
Formula for finding a verb pharse?
(mod) (aux)2 lex {can include adverbs at the end/after the lexical verb.}
Prepositional phrase formula?
prep + NP
Types of clauses
independent/main
dependent/subordinate
What is a subject?
the noun phrase that comes before the verb
What is a direct object?
always comes after the verb
What are the four aspects?
simple, perfect, progressive, perfect progressive
Which morpheme indicates the progressive aspect?
-ing
Which auxiliary verb indicates the perfect aspect?
to have
Which modal verb indicates future tense?
will
Past or present? Has
present
Past or present? Had
past
declarative sentence formula?
Subject, verb, (x)
interrogative sentence formula?
inversion of subject + (aux) V
imperitave sentence formula?
inversion of subject + (aux) V
simple sentence
one VP
compound sentence
joined by FANBOYS which are:
for and nor but or yet so
complex sentence
one main clause + two (or more) sub clauses
steps to find sentence structure
find + highlight verb phrases
find clause boundaries and how they are joined
determine types of clauses
label sentence structure
types of voice
active
passive
agentless passive
ellipsis
leaving words out of a sentence
fragment
not a grammatically complete sentence
a copular verb
the ‘thing’ on the other side of the verb) refer to the same entity
an intransitive verb
takes no object
a ditransitive verb
takes a direct AND indirect object
a transitive verb
takes a direct object
What is an indirect object?
often comes (or could come) after a preposition
intonation
the pattern of changes in pitch
tempo
the pace of someone’s utterance
pitch
the high, medium or low sound of someone’s voice waves
volume
how loudly or softly someone is speaking
stress
this means the initial sound of the word is stressed
onomatopoeia
using a word which imitates a sound e.g. buzz,bark,crash.
consonance
repetition of a consonant SOUND (anywhere in the word)
E.G. mIKe LIKes His new bIKe
assonance
repetition of a vowel SOUND
alliteration
repetition of an initial consonant SOUND
What is patterning?
repetition, links
substitution
swapping a sound for a different one
(there are different types of this and it is not listed in the SD)
insertion
adding in a sound to ease production
e.g. filUm
elision
removing a sound
can be a vowel, consonant or whole syllable
e.g. strawberry > strawbry
vowel reduction
when an unstressed vowel is reduced to a schwa
e.g. you > ya
assimilation
when sounds change due to influence from neighbouring sounds
e.g. handbag > hambag
How write a section (A)
- Find the mode and text type.
- Read the back ground information.
- notice the 5w+h.
- make ttcrapftt notes.
5.anotate the section A question.
6.Write your responce.
what is the dominant sentence type in Wikipedia/encyclopedia type text?
Declarative sentences.
