Engines

Question 1

The Big 4

Answer 1

1) Nr - maintain
2) Airspeed/Altitude - control and set limits
3) Wheels/Floats - as required
4) Analyze

Question 2

Maximum Glide Profile

Answer 2

105 kias and 360 rpm

Question 3

Minimum Rate of Descent Profile

Answer 3

75 kias and 360 rpm

Question 4

1) Low Nr horn - on
2) Nr - decaying
3) Engine parameters - both engines decreasing
4) Possible right yaw
(Additional symptoms as engines spool down)

Answer 4

Landing on Trees (pg 45)

1) Nr - maintain
2) Perform autorotation procedure

Perform to arrive at zero rate of descent and zero groundspeed in a 5 degrees nose-up attitude as close to the top of the trees as possible. Increase collective to maximum as the helicopter descends vertically through the trees.

Question 5

Visual Autorotation Procedures

Answer 5

Visual Autorotation Procedures (pg 46)

1) Complete the Big 4 (airspeed 75-105 kias)
2) Turn toward desired landing area and/or into the wind
3) 200 ft RADALT - wheels recheck
4) 125 ft RADALT - initiate flare, inflate floats as required
5) Assume landing attitude, eliminating yaw and drift prior to touchdown
6) Collective - cushion the landing

Should be completed as time and altitude permit:

• cabin door open
• shoulder harness locked
• distress transmit
• iff emergency
• FADEC control switches both off
• engine restart, consider an attempt
• landing lights as required
• boost pumps off

Question 6

Instrument Autorotation Procedures

Answer 6

Instrument Autorotation Procedures (pg 47-48)

1) Complete the Big 4 (airspeed 75 kias)
2) Turn toward desired landing area and/or into the wind
3) 200 ft RADALT - wheels recheck
4) 125 ft RADALT - initiate flare, control the rate to arrive at 20 degrees nose up at 75 ft RADALT, inflate floats as required
5) Maintain flare until desired airspeed is reached - 30 kts plus half the wind speed
6) Assume 5 degrees nose up, wings level landing attitude
7) 25 ft RADALT - cushion landing with collective

Question 7

1) Possible Nr droop
2) Abnormal engine parameters
3) DIF N1 warning light illuminated
4) Low Nr horn
5) Torque, TOT, N1, N2 decreasing
6) As engine spools down, additional symptoms will become evident such as Generator Failure, ENG OIL P light
7) FLI switches to OEI mode page
8) ECS disengages
9) Bleed air shuts off

Answer 7

Single Engine Failures In Flight to Include: Low Hover, High Hover, and Takeoff/Landing Transition (pg 50-51)

1) Nr - maintain
2) Airspeed/Altitude - control
3) Wheels/Floats - as required
4) Land back or continue flight
Landback:
5) Assume landing attitude, eliminate yaw and drift prior to touchdown
Continued Flight:
6) Collective - adjust to maximum power, maintaining minimum Nr (at or above 345 rpm)
7) Airspeed - climb at 70-75 kias
8) Nr/OEI - set as necessary
9) Analyze

(Warning: do not allow rotor RPM to decrease below 300)

Question 8

1) Possible Nr droop
2) Abnormal engine parameters
3) DIF N1 warning light illuminated
4) Low Nr horn
5) Torque, TOT, N1, N2 decreasing
6) As engine spools down, additional symptoms will become evident such as Generator Failure, ENG OIL P light
7) FLI switches to OEI mode page
8) ECS disengages
9) Bleed air shuts off

Answer 8

Flameout (pg 51-52)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) Engine shutdown procedure - complete

If the situation warrants and time permits, an engine restart may be attempted

(Note: if the engine cannot be restarted, ECS may still be recovered by resetting the cool switch)

Question 9

1) ENG # CHIP warning light illuminated

2) Corresponding ENGINE CHIP annunciation on the VEMD Caution/Fuel page

Answer 9

Engine Chip Detected (pg 52-53)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) FADEC control switch (affected engine) - confirm, idle
3) Engine - monitor
If abnormal indications:
4) Engine shutdown procedure - complete
If normal indications:
4) Land as soon as practicable (if additional power is required for landing, affected FCS may be switched to FLT position)

Question 10

1) N2 significantly above Nr
2) Zero torque on malfunctioning engine
3) Possible loud noises from the engine area

(Note: when N2 reaches 122.4% (+/-1%), the FADEC will operate the stop electro-valve via the BIM and shut the engine down

Answer 10

Engine Gearbox/Output Shaft Failure (pg 53-54)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) Engine shutdown procedure - complete

Question 11

1) DIF N1 warning light illuminated
2) OEI GOV mode page
3) N1 difference between engines is greater than 6%

(Note: if the N1 is greater than 40%, the OEI GOV mode will be displayed on the VEMD. If N1 is less than 40%, the OEI mode page will be displayed)

Answer 11

N1 Divergence/Partial Power Loss (pg 54)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) Engine parameters - monitor
3) Land as soon as practicable

Question 12

1) FADEC # FAIL caution light illuminated
2) Red ENGINE STATUS light on the overhead quadrant illuminated
3) OEI GOV mode page displayed
4) Affected engine will not respond to collective movement due to fuel flow metering being frozen at the rate present when the FADEC failed

(Note: in backup mode, FADEC will match the N1 of the affected engine to the N1 of the good engine. While N1 matching is assured, there will be some acceleration delay on the engine in backup mode)

Answer 12

Major FADEC/Governor Failure (pg 54-56)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) TRNG Switch - FLT
(Warning: with the FADEC backup switch in backup, N1 matching will occur without regard to the opposite engine’s current N1 setting)
(Warning: the FADEC backup switch shall not be in the backup position when an engine is at training idle)
3) FADEC backup switch (affected engine) - confirm, backup
4) OEI - set as necessary
5) Land as soon as practicable

Question 13

1) GOV caution light illuminated

Answer 13

Minor FADEC/Governor Failure (pg 56)

1) Complete the Big 4
(Warning: a minor FADEC failure involving a loss of DECU crosstalk communication (ie, a BALAN.A fault) may result in Nr decreasing and stabilizing below the continuous operating range (>345 rpm). Collective reduction may not return the Nr to normal parameters, but both engines should produce sufficient power to maintain level flight. Corrective action should be based on a careful analysis of Torque, N1, and TOT and not solely upon Nr. Consideration should be given to placing the Nr switch in HI and performing a running landing)
2) Abort mission

Question 14

Any ONE of the following symptoms on the VEMD:

1) LANE 1 FAILED > PRESS OFF 1
2) LANE 2 FAILED > PRESS OFF 2
3) CROSS TALK FAILED > PRESS OFF 1
4) CROSS TALK FAILED > PRESS OFF 2
5) Loss of one screen
6) FLI DEGR annunciation on the VEMD with blank N1 TOT and/or TRQ parameters (#1 TRQ for top VEMD and #2 TRQ for bottom VEMD)
7) GOV caution light
8) NO BINGO annunciation

Answer 14

VEMD Failures (Various) (pg 56-57)

1) Shut off screen 1 or 2 as appropriate
2) Continue flight as appropriate

Question 15

1) Both VEMD screens off or failed

2) GOV caution light illuminated

Answer 15

Dual VEMD Screen Failure (pg 58)

1) Shut off screen 1 or 2 as appropriate
2) Avoid high power settings, reference placard for collective pitch settings
3) Abort mission

Question 16

1) ENG # OIL P warning light illuminated
2) Engine oil pressure fluctuates, increases, or decreases abnormally
3) Red engine status light illuminated on the overhead control quadrant
4) Engine oil pressure

Answer 16

Lubrication System Failure (pg 58-59)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) Engine shutdown procedure - complete

Question 17

1) Popping or rumbling noises
2) TOT increases
3) Torque and N1 decrease
4) Airframe vibration

Answer 17

Engine Surge or Compressor Stall in Flight (pg 59-60)

1) Complete the Big 4
If normal engine parameters and affected engine can be identified:
2) FADEC control switch (affected engine) - confirm, idel
3) Engine - monitor
If abnormal idle parameters:
4) Engine shutdown procedure - complete
If normal idle parameters:
4) Land as soon as possible

(Note: if additional power is required for landing, the engine may be switched to FLT mode. A surge may reoccur at any time)

Question 18

1) Popping or rumbling noises
2) TOT increases
3) Torque and N1 decrease
4) Airframe vibration/shuddering
5) You are on the ground

Answer 18

Engine Surge or Compressor Stall on Deck (pg 60-61)

1) FADEC control switch (affected engine) - off
2) Fuel boost pumps (affected engine) - off
3) TOT - monitor for post shutdown fire

Question 19

1) OIL TEMP warning light illuminated

2) Abnormal rise in engine oil temperature

Answer 19

Engine Oil Cooler Fan Failure (pg 61-62)

Both engines overheated:

1) Cruise airspeed - 120 kias minimum
2) Land as soon as practicable
3) Shut down engines as soon as possible (on deck)

One engine overheated:

1) Cruise airspeed - 75 kias minimum
2) FADCEC control switch (affected engine) - confirm, idle
3) Engine oil temperature - monitor
4) Land as soon as practicable (if additional power is required for landing, affected FCS may be switched to flight position)

Question 20

Engine Shutdown Procedure in Flight

Answer 20

Engine Shutdown Procedure in Flight (pg 62)

1) Single engine flight profile - establish
2) FADEC control switch (affected engine) - confirm, idle, confirm, off
3) Boost pumps (affected engine) - off
4) TOT - monitor for post shutdown fire
5) OEI - set as required
6) Fuel - transfer/jettison as required
(Note: the transfer pump will transfer fuel without boost pump pressure, however, to transfer all useable fuel (below 280/60) the boost pump(s) on the failed engine side must be ON to drive the transfer ejectors)
7) Land as soon as practicable (single engine landing procedure)

Question 21

Restarting Engine in Flight

Answer 21

Restarting Engine in Flight (pg 63)

1) Heat - off
2) EFSL - ensure forward
3) Boost pumps - on
4) Check N1 < 17%
5) Perform normal start procedure
If engine start successful:
6) Land as soon as practicable
If unsuccessful:
6) Engine shutdown procedure - complete

Question 22

1) Insufficient voltage (

Answer 22

Engine Start Emergencies (Assorted) (pg 63-65)

1) FADEC control switch - off
2) Boost pumps - off
3) TOT - monitor for post shutdown fire

(Caution: if engine start fails and OAT is at or below 0 degrees C with TOT greater than 120 degrees C, crank engine for 20 seconds prior to subsequent start)

Question 23

1) FLI DEGR annunciation on the VEMD
2) TRQ, TOT, or N1 value missing with TRQ, TOT, or N1 label in boldface yellow type
3) GOV caution light
4) All other engine parameters normal

Answer 23

Torque, TOT, or N1 Indicating System Failure (pg 65)

1) Complete the Big 4
2) Monitor other engine parameters
3) Avoid high power settings
4) Abort mission

Question 24

1) VEMD Vehicle page indicator blanked without numerical values
2) VEHICLE PARAMETER OVER LIMIT annunciation on the VEMD

Answer 24

Vehicle Page Indication Failures (pg 66)

1) Monitor for secondary indications
2) Abort mission

(Note: additional symptoms such as a corresponding WCA panel light constitute secondary indications of a more serious malfunction and the appropriate emergency procedure should be followed)